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Morphophysiological Variability and Yield Performance of Sweet Potato Genotypes at Piedmont Soil

M A S Hossain*
Soil Resource Development Institute, Bangladesh, Dhaka-1215

A F M S Islam
Dept. of Crop Botany and Tea Production Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

M N H Miah
Dept. of Agronomy and HaorAgriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

M M H Khan
Dept. of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Selection of suitable genotypes of sweet potato for piedmont soil on the basis of morph physiological variability and yield attributes was conducted during November 2015 to April 2016. Nine genotypes viz. Local-1, Local-2, Local-5, Local-8, Exotic-1, Exotic-2, Exotic-3, Exotic-4 and BARI SP-4 were studied under field conditions at Sylhet Agricultural University Farm, Sylhet following Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Dry mass production and its partitioning during different growth stages and yields were evaluated. Results revealed that leaf dry weight increased rapidly from 60 to 105 days after planting (DAP), vine dry weight from 60 to 150 DAP and storage roots from 90 to135 DAP. Initially dry matter partitioning into leaves, vines and fibrous roots were higher. The flows of dry matter translocation to the organizing plant parts continued to 90 DAP and thereafter dry matter translocation flow moved to the storage roots rapidly until 120 DAP. Dry matter content (%) of storage roots increased with plant age. Exotic-4, Exotic-2 had the highest dry matter content. Among the local genotypes, Local-8 had more dry matter content. Local-1, Local-8, Local-2, BARI SP-4 had the greater bulking rate from 105 -120 DAP while Exotic-2 and Exotic-3 had from 120 -135 DAP. Local-1 and Local-8 had greater harvest index at 120 DAP while Local-2 at 135 DAP and Exotic-3 at 150 DAP. Therefore life span of sweet potato from 120 to 135 DAP may be important for breeding works. Harvesting stage of Local-1 and Local-8 may be 135 DAP while Exotic-3 and Local-2 may be 150 DAP. The highest yield was in Local-1 (44.06 t ha^-1) followed by Local-8 (38. 82 t ha^-1). Exotic-4, Exotic-3 and Local-2 contained higher total soluble solids (Brix %) from 12-14. It can be concluded that Local-1 and Local-8 may be suitable for Khadimnagor soil of Northern and Eastern Piedmont plains for higher yield. In addition Local-2, Exotic-3 showed interest for future investigation.

Keywords: Dry matter partitioning, Piedmont soil, Genotype, Harvest index, Total soluble solids.

Location: Sylhet Agricultural University Farm, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2015

End Date: 00-03-2016

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Sweet potato

Objectives:

The main objectives of the field trials on the production and partitioning of dry matter were to characterize the growth and yield of nine genotypes of sweet potato by (a) determining the dry mass of the leaves, vines, fibrous roots and storage roots; (b) determining the dry matter partitioning of assimilates to the storage roots of the local and exotic genotypes overcheck variety and (c) yield contributing characters and yield of the genotypes.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at Sylhet Agricultural University Farm, Bangladesh during November 2015 to March 2016. Soil samples were collected from the field, analyzed and fertilizer rate was calculated following procedure of FRG (2012) (Table 1 and 2). Local-1, Local-2, Local-5, Local-8, Exotic-1, Exotic-2, Exotic-3, Exotic-4 and BARI SP-4 were used as planting materials. Research field was prepared by following 4 consecutive ploughing and cross ploughing. Soil reaction was corrected out by dolomite application (4 kg decimal^-1) prior to 15 days of planting and fertilizer recommendation was made as per soil test value (FRG, 2012). Cowdung, Urea, TSP, MoP, Gypsum, Zinc sulphate (Hepta), Solubor and Magnesium sulphate ha^-¹ were 5000 kg, 224 kg, 186 kg, 200 kg, 70 kg, 10 kg, 3 kg, and 85 kg, respectively. All of cowdung, TSP, Gypsum, Zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate and solubor; half of urea and MoP were applied as basal during final land preparation. Remaining Urea and MoP was applied as side dressing at 30-35 days after planting during earthing up operation. Vine cuttings were planted on raised beds following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Weeding, irrigation, earthing-up, vine lifting and other intercultural operations were done as and when necessary. The observations on storage roots initiation was started at 45 DAP and continued till to 150 DAP with an interval of 15 days. In each harvest 4 plants plot-1were harvested. Harvested plants were poured into the poly bag and brought them in the laboratory carefully with proper tagging. Then the plant was washed with running tap water and left it sometimes to drip out excess water. Leaves, vines, fibrous roots and storage roots were separated and fresh weights were taken using electrical balance. Storage roots were sliced with the sharpen knife. 100g of leaves, roots, vines and sliced storage roots were packed separately into labeled brown paper and was kept them into the oven at 60°C until constant dry weight achieved. Dry weights were measured separately with an electrical balance. At final harvest rest of the plants were harvested and storage roots of each plot were counted and weighed. Fresh clean storage roots were acerated and total soluble solids (Brix%) was estimated by TSS instrument. Length of storage roots and girth were measured with a measuring tape. Finally, diameter was calculated using the formula: Girth = 2πr, where, 2r = diameter of storage roots. Storage roots bulking rate (BR) and harvest index (HI) were calculated.

Source of Information: J. Sylhet Agril. Univ. 4(2):239-250, 2017 ISSN: 2308-1597

Article Link (Online Journal): www.jsau.com.bd

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Morphological, physiological and yield attributes revealed that Local-1, Local-8, Local-2 and Local-5 performed better over check variety BARI SP-4. It can be concluded that Local-1 and Local-8 may be selected for piedmont soils for yield. Genotypes Local-2, Exotic-3 may be needed for further investigation.

Knowledge Management: Journal