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Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Tomato Production in Saline Soil of Bangladesh

D Saha*
Sylhet Agricultural University Research System, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

O A Fakir
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Station, Satkhira, Bangladesh

S Mondal
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Station, Satkhira, Bangladesh

R C Ghosh
Department of Agriculture Extension, Kushtia, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Organic fertilizer is a major limiting factor in crop production, especially for vegetables during the winter season in Bangladesh. Recently, an experiment was conducted at ARS, BARI, Satkhira on three types of organic fertilizer (OF) like OF from Co-compost (Faecal Sludge and Municipal Solid Waste), OF from earthworm compost (Vermicompost) and OF from cowdung whereas chemical fertilizer were applied as control treatment. Now a day’s farmers are cultivating tomato in saline areas and normally they do not use any compost fertilizers at their field as an organic fertilizer, therefore, it is urgent to find out the suitable combining dose of different types of compost and chemical fertilizers for maximizing the yield or know the best combination of chemical and organic fertilizer as well as the economic benefit from best treatment considering soil health. For this reason, this experiment was conducted in RCBD design with three dispersed replications in the winter season 2016-17 at ARS, Satkhira. Four fertilizer doses viz., T1 = 100% Chemical Fertilizer (Soil Test Based, FRG, 2012), T2 = Co-compost @ 2 t ha-1with 50% recommended dose of chemical fertilizer (RDF), T3 = Vermicompost @ 2 t ha^-¹ with 50% RDF, T4= Cowdung @ 5 t ha^-1; were set as the treatments.Tomato (BARI Tomato-14) was planted on 15 November 2016; during final land preparation following proper methodology. Only four irrigations were applied after 10, 25 and 35 and 45 days after plantation. It was found that treatment T2gave the highest yield (45.94 t ha-1) followed by T3(42.16 t ha^-1), T1 (32.50 t ha^-1) and T4 (32.50 t ha^-1). From the economic study, it was found that higher income obtained from using co-compost along with chemical fertilizer (198825 Tk. ha^-1) followed by T3(155025 Tk. ha^-1), T1 (118025 Tk. ha^-1) and T4 (190575 Tk. ha^-1). Now, it is clear that 2 ton co-compost with 50% inorganic fertilizer from Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) gave the highest yield with economic benefit. Also soil salinity was recorded minimum in co-compost treated plot.

Keywords: Vermicompost, Co-compost, Cowdung, Tomato, Saline soil.

Location: Agricultural Research Station (ARS), BARI, Benarpota, Satkhira

Start Date: 00-00-2016

End Date: 00-00-2017

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Fertilizer and manures, Tomato

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of three different organic fertilizers on the growth performance and yield potentials of tomato grown in South-western part of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Experimental site and design The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station (ARS), BARI, Benarpota, Satkhira during the rabi (winter) season of 2016-2017 to observe the effect of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on tomato production in saline condition. The soil belonged to the AEZ-11 and AEZ-13. There were four treatments viz.T1= 100% Chemical Fertilizer (Soil Test Based, FRG, 2012), T2= Co-compost @ 2 t ha^-¹ + RDF, T3= Vermi-compost @ 2 t ha^-1 + RDF, T4 = Cowdung @ 5 t ha^-1. The crop variety was BARI Tomato-14. The experiment was laid out in a RCBD design with three replications. The dimensions of individual plots were 2.4m x 2.4m. Physical properties of soil The land topography was medium low. The soil of the field, ARS, Satkhira was clay loam in texture having bulk density and particle density of 1.42 and 2.37 g cm³, respectively while porosity was 40.02%. Chemical Properties of Soil The chemical properties of the initial soil were taken from 0 to 15 cm depth of the soil. The soil pH was 6.91 whereas OC and total N were 0.95% and 0.08% and it’s seems to be very low in soil. On the other hand exchangeable K, Ca and Mg were 0.13, 5.78 and 10.62 meq/100 g in soil. It was also found that available P was 16.70 ppm; S was 8.33 ppm; Zn was 0.68 ppm; B was 0.31 ppm; Cu was 1.25 ppm and finally Mn was 0.88 ppm. The chemical proprieties of the soil (0-15 cm depth) which were considered for the determination of fertilizer dozes in the experiment. Chemical properties of different compost Vermicompost was high in organic materials (11.90) than Co-compost and Cowdung. Co-compost was comparatively rich in essential plant macronutrients which contained about 2.26 percent nitrogen, 1.80 percent phosphorus, and 1.36 percent potassium. In addition to nitrogen and phosphorous of special importance was the micronutrients more found in co-compost such as manganese and iron. Estimated actual Fertilizer dozes The actual dozes after calculation the fertilizer requirements considering initial soil nutrients and compost were -T1 = 124 N + 11 kg P + 51.16 kg K + 0.62 kg S + 0.21 kg Zn + 0.84 kg B, T2 = 142.5 kg N + 2.3 kg P + 64.52 kg K + 0.635 kg S + 1.21 kg Zn + 1.03 kg B, T3 = 98.5 kg N + 8 kg P + 43.64 kg K + 0.53 kg S + 0.65 kg Zn + 0.63 kg B + 2190 kg FYM compost, T4 = 100.5 kg N + 9 kg P+ 44.74 kg K + 0.50 kg S + 0.75 kg Zn + 2052 kg Vermicompost. The dozes were estimated for 1 ha of land. Management Tomato seedlings were planted in a line maintaining a spacing 40 cm × 60 cm and planted on 15 November 2016. All the co-compost, phosphorus, sulpher, zinc and boron were applied as a basal during final land preparation. Nitrogen and potasium were applied in three equal splits at 15 and 35 and 45 days after transplanting as ring method under moist soil condition and mixed thoroughly with the soil as soon as possible for better utilization. The crop was harvested on April 2017. Yield and yield contributing characters like plant hight, branches plant^-1, fruits length, fruit diameter, yield t ha^-¹ were measured. The data were analyzed statistically by MSTAT-C software.

Source of Information: J. Sylhet Agril. Univ. 4(2):213-220, 2017 ISSN: 2308-1597

Article Link (Online Journal): www.jsau.com.bd

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

As saline soil is a problematic soil, hence it is difficult to cultivate tomato in coastal zone. From the above findings, it may be concluded that application of two t ha^-1 of Co-compost in combination with inorganic fertilizer had better performance on growth and yield attributes of Tomato (cv. BARI Tomato-14). The use of Co-compost not only gives higher yield but also improves the soil organic matter, maintains soil health and keeps the soil and environment free from pollution.

Knowledge Management: Journal