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Growth and Yield of Cowpea Under Integrated Nutrient Management Practices

MAS Hossain*
Soil Resource Development Institute, Bangladesh, Dhaka-1207

MJ Miah
Soil Resource Development Institute, Bangladesh, Dhaka-1207

H Akter
Soil Resource Development Institute, Bangladesh, Dhaka-1207

MF Islam
Soil Resource Development Institute, Bangladesh, Dhaka-1207

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was carried out on Chandragonj soil group of AEZ-17 at Gabua, Noakhali to conserve soil fertility through integrated nutrient management practices during November 2012 to April 2013 under integrated nutrient management practices. Cowpea cv. Bari Fallon-1 was cultivated under six fertilizer management practices viz. soil test based chemical fertilizer dose (T1), chemical fertilizer along with cow dung @ 5 t ha^-¹ (T2), chemical fertilizer along with dhaincha @ 0.6 t ha^-¹ (T3), chemical fertilizer along with bio-fertilizer inoculums @ 1.6 t ha^-¹ (T4), farmer’s practice (T5), and control (T6). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results was revealed that plant height increased up to 120 days after sowing (DAS) and the highest plant height was found in T4, T2 and T1 practices, followed by T3. The highest branches plant-1wasfound in T2, T1, and T3 followed by T4. The highest effective plants plot^-¹ were found in T3 followed T2 and T6. The nodule numbers plant-1increased from 45 DAS to 75 DAS and then declined up to 105 DAS where nodule numbers of the T2, T3 and T4 were similar. The highest total fresh weight was found in T4 and T2 practices, whereas the highest total dry matter (TDM) was in T2, followed by T3 and T4 approaches. T5 practice allocated the maximum dry matter into leaves and roots, T2 and T3 allocated into stem, whereas T1, T2 and T4 allocated statistically similar amount of dry matter into pod. The longest pod was in T1 and T4 practices followed by T3 and T2 practices. The highest number of pods plant^-¹ was in T4 practice followed by T3; while the highest number of seeds pod-1were in T3, followed by T4 practice. The maximum seed weight plant-1was in T4, followed by T1, T2, T3 and T6. The highest thousand seed weight was in T1 practice. The highest seed-pod ratio percentage was in T4 and the lowest ratio was in T5. The maximum seed dry weight as well as shoot dry weight plot-1was in T2, followed by T3. The highest seed-shoot ratio was achieved in T1, followed by T4 and the lowest seed-shoot ratio was found in T5. The highest seed yield was obtained from T3 followed by T2 and T4. Prior to the experiment, total N and available P was below to the critical limit, whereas after conduction of the experiment all of nutrient elements studied was found in increased amount. Results revealed that chemical fertilizer along with dhaincha (Sesbania esculenta) @ 0.6 t ha^-¹ showed the best seed yield (2.445 t ha^-1). Soil test based chemical fertilizer dose and IPNS practices improved the fertility of the soils than farmer’s practice and control. Chemical fertilizer along with cowdung @ 5 t ha-1practice improved the Zn status of the soil than other practices.

Keywords: Biological nitrogen fixation, Fallon, Integrated nutrient management system, Biofertilizer inoculums, Soil fertility conservation.

Location: Regional Laboratory of Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI), Gabua, Noakhali in the southern part of Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-11-2012

End Date: 00-04-2013

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Cowpea

Objectives:

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the growth and yield performance of cowpea as well as soil fertility conservation under integrated nutrient management practices.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the research farm of Regional Laboratory of Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI), Gabua, Noakhali in the southern part of Bangladesh during November 2012 to April 2013. The experimental field was man-made high land belonging to Chandragonj soil group of Non-calcareous Gray Floodplain Soil type under agro-ecological zone of Lower Meghna River Flood plain (AEZ-17). Soils of the experiment site was silty clay loam in the upper 15 cm. Seeds of BARIFallon-1 were collected from On-farm Research Division (OFRD), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Noakhali. Inoculums of biofertilizer were collected from Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh. Six nutrient management practices were used as treatments. First treatment was only chemical fertilizer dose approach, where nutrients requirement was assessed on soil test value basis. Second treatment was combined dose of chemical fertilizer and organic manure (cow dung). Rate of cow dung was adjusted to 5 t ha-1. At first the amount of nutrients supplied from cow dung was calculated and then it was deducted from the total requirements of nutrients. The rest amount of nutrients was supplied through chemical fertilizers. Third treatment was combined dose of chemical fertilizer and green manure crop (dhaincha). For this purpose dhaincha (Sesbania esculent L.) was grown in three experiment plots and when their height became 12 cm, whole bodies were incorporated into soil. Biomass was yielded to 0.60 t ha^-1. It was calculated according to Meelu et al.(1994) where they stated that dhaincha (Sesbaniasp.) can yield 3 to 5 t ha-1dry biomass in 50 -60 days at height of 90 to 110 cm.According to FRG (2005), 1.0 t dhaincha materials supply 2.5 kg N, 0.3 kg P and 2.0 kg K. Thus, 0.6 ton materials was supposed to supply 1.5 kg N, 0.18 kg P and 1.2 kg K ha^-1, respectively. The amount of nutrients was deducted from the total requirements. The rest amounts of nutrients were supplied through chemical fertilizers. Fourth treatment was combined dose of chemical fertilizer and bio-fertilizer. Seeds and inoculums were treated with molasses and then sowed in the field. Fifth treatment was farmer’s practice. Three experimental plots were given to a farmer, where he applied only urea @ 0.21 t ha^-1. Sixth treatment was control, where no chemical fertilizer or manure was applied. Before ploughing composite soil samples were collected from the field and analyzed at Regional Laboratory of Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI), Noakhali. Recommended dose of fertilizer, biomass addition from dhaincha and inoculums of biofertilizer were calculated according to Fertilizer Recommendation Guide, 2005on integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS). Fertilizer doses (kg ha^-1) of T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 were: (i) urea 34 kg, TSP 84 kg, MoP 13 kg, (ii) TSP 58 kg and cow dung 5 t ha^-1, (iii) urea 31 kg, TSP 83 kg, 10 kg MoP and Dhaincha 0.6 t ha^-1, (iv) TSP84 kg, TSP 13 kg and biofertilizer inoculums @ 1.6 kg, (v) urea 208 kg, and (vi) no chemical fertilizer or manure. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The experimental field was first opened on November 2012 with a power tiller. The land was ploughed and cross ploughed 4 times followed by laddering. Field was then divided into three blocks. Each block was divided into six plots. Each block represents a replication and each plot represents an experimental plot. The size of the unit plot was 3 m × 4 m. The blocks were 1 m apart and distance between unit plots was 0.5 m. The borders were 1 m wide and total area of the experimental field was 65 m × 15 m. Rows of plots were oriented in north-south directions.

Source of Information: J. Sylhet Agril. Univ. 4(2):191-198, 2017 ISSN: 2308-1597

Article Link (Online Journal): www.jsau.com.bd

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The highest seed yield obtained from dhaincha based IPNS practice. The lowest yield was recorded in farmer’s practice. It is perhaps due to contributions of highest plant height up to flowering stage, maximum number of branch plant^-1, effective plants plot^-1, number of pods plant^-1 and number of seeds pod^-1. It can be concluded that cowpea cv. BARIFallon-1 showed the highest yield on man-made highland under chemical fertilizer along with green manure crop dhaincha (Sesbania esculenta L) based IPNS practice with improving fertility status of the soil. It is also found that integrated plant nutrient system practices showed better performance than other practices.

Knowledge Management: Journal