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Effect of Different Organic Manures and Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Knol-khol (brassica Oleracea Var. Gongylodes L.)

Md. Anichhul Islam
Student
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh

Md. Yamin Kabir
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh

Nubayra Tasnim Shuvra
Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh

Md. Amirul Islam
Sustainable Intensification Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Hasibur Rahaman Hera*
Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different manures and fertilizers on the growth and yield of knol-khol (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) at Dr. Purnendu Gain Field Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna from November 2014 to February 2015. The single factor experiment comprised of different types of fertilizers and manures viz., T0 (Control), T1 (Recommended doses of NPK), T2 (Cow dung), T3 Vermicompost), T4 (Poultry manure), T5 ( 50 % Cow dung + 50 % NPK), T6 (50% Vermicompost + 50% Cow dung), T7 (50% Vermicompost + 50 % Poultry manure) and T8 (25% Cow dung+ 25% Vermicompost+ 25% Poultry manure + 25% NPK). The Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The maximum plant height was obtained from the treatment T1 at 25, 35 and 45 Days after transplanting (DAT). The maximum spread of canopy was 36.75 cm, 52.50 cm and 66.05 cm from the treatment T3, T7 and T2, respectively. The maximum economic yield (21.92 t/ha) and biological yield (40.083 t/ha) were found in the treatment T1 and T7, respectively. Highest benefit cost ratio (3.07) was obtained from the treatment T1whilethe minimum (0.57) was obtained from T3 which indicates that high cost of vermicompost affect net return severely. Although, T1 produced maximum benefit cost ratio, the treatment T4 and T2 are very close to T1 and also statistically similar. So, we can consider poultry manure and cow dung for our soil health, environmental benefits and ecological safety.

Keywords: Growth; Knob, Knol-khol, Organic matter, Yield

Location: Dr. Purnendu Gain Field Laboratory of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna

Start Date: 01-11-2014

End Date: 15-02-2015

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Knolkhol

Objectives:

To observe the assessment of comparative effectiveness of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of Knol-khol and to find out best combination(s) of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers for obtaining higher economic yield.

Methodology:

2015 to study the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and yield of knol-khol. Experimental field was located at 89°33' E Longitudes and 22°50' N Latitude at an altitude of 8 meters above the sea level [13]. A variety i.e. Early White (DEB 170) and nine different types of treatments were used in this experiment which are: To: Control (No fertilizer); T1: Recommended dose of NPK (Urea, TSP, MP) (100%); T2: Cow dung (CD) (100%); T3: Vermicompost (VC) (100%); T4: Poultry manure (PM)(100%); T5: 50% NPK + 50% CD; T6: 50% CD+ 50% VC; T7: 50% VC + 50% PM; T8: 25% NPK +25% CD+ 25% VC + 25% PM. The experiment was laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Whole experimental area (25.50 m x 8.55 m) was first divided into four blocks each block was divided into 9 unit plots and a total of 36 (4 x 9) unit plots were included in the experiment. The size of a unit plot was 2.25 m x 1.2 m. The distance between two plots was 50 cm and between two blocks was 75 cm. Total area used for the experiment was 218.03 square meter. 2.2. Raising of Seedlings Seedlings of knol-khol was raised at the Germplasm Center of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, under special care in five seed beds each measuring 3 m x 1 m. Soil of the seed bed was ploughed and make the soil loose and friable. To inhibit the infestation of damping off disease, the seed beds were dried in the sun. Cow dung was applied to the prepared seed beds @ 5 t/ha. Ten grams of seeds was sown in each seed bed on 25 November, 2014. The seeds were covered with fine light soil after sowing to protect the young seedlings from scorching sunshine and heavy rainfall; shading was given by bamboo mat (chatai).Weeding, mulching and light watering were done from time to time for maintaining favorable environmental condition for raising healthy seedlings. 2.3. Land preparation and fertilization Land was subsequently ploughed several times with a power tiller to bring about a good tilth and suitable for growing knol-khol. Weeds and stubbles were removed as from the field and big clods were broken through laddering into tiny pieces. Diazinon57 EC was used @ 650 ml/ha to treat soil for protection of young plant from the attack of insect like cutworm and mole cricket. Entire amount of well decomposed cow dung @ 20 t/ha for treatment T2, @10 t/ha for treatment T5 and T6 & @ 5 t/ha for treatment T8 was applied at the time of initial land preparation. According to the treatment and layout whole amount of TSP and MoP and 1/3 Urea were applied after laying out of the plot and 4 days before transplanting. Again half of rest amount of Urea was applied 20 days after transplanting and rest half was applied 30 days after transplanting. Applied fertilizers were mixed properly with the soil of the plot using a spade. 2.4. Transplanting of seedlings Seedlings were transplanted in the experimental plots on December 25, 2014. Healthy and uniformed sized, 30 days old seedlings were used as transplanting materials. Seed beds were watered before uprooting of the seedlings to minimize damage to the roots of seedlings. Transplanting was done in the afternoon at a spacing of 45 cm x 30 cm accommodating 20 plants in each unit plot. After transplanting, the seedlings were watered immediately. Banana leaf sheath pieces were used to protect the seedlings from scorching sun. Until the seedlings were established, shading and watering were continued for 5 days. To fill the gap when required, a number of seedlings were also planted in the border of the experimental plots. 2.5. Crop management and harvesting Gap filling was done as and when necessary. Hand weeding was done at 15, 30 and 45 days after transplanting to keep the plots free from weeds during the entire growing period. Light irrigation was given by a watering can at every morning and afternoon following transplanting and it was continued for a week for rapid and well establishment. Irrigation was applied at 20, 35 days after transplanting. At the time of establishment of seedling in the field the attack of soil insects was a serious problem. Dursban 29 EC @ 3% was applied against the soil born insects like mole crickets, field crickets and cut worm. Knol-khol was harvested at maturity when the edible part of the plants formed well-sized. 2.6. Data collection 2.6.1. Phenological characters Data was recorded from 06 randomly selected plants from the middle rows of each unit plot during the course of experiment. Height of plant and number of leaves were recorded at 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55 days after transplanting (DAT). Fallen leaves were counted on the basis of scar marks on the stem introduced by the petiole of the leaves. Crown spread was measured in centimeter by taking the mean diameter of the canopy of an individual plant in several directions. Fresh weight of leaves was taken at harvest following average weight of leaves per plant was recorded in gram. Fresh weight of the edible part per plant and fresh weight of root was recorded and expressed in both gram and kilogram. Selected six knobs were sectioned vertically in the middle position with a sharp knife. The diameter of the knob was measured in centimeter with a scale as the horizontal distance from one side to another side of the sectioned knob. Thickness of knob was measured in centimeter with a scale as the vertical distance from one side to another side of the knob and expressed in cm. The main root was pulled out of soil carefully at harvest and the soil was washed out by water and then the number of roots per plant was counted. The distance between the bases to the tip of the root was measured in cm at harvest with the help of meter scale for determining the length of root. At first the fresh weight of leaves per plant was recorded then one hundred gram of representing fresh leaves was sun dried for three days. Then the leaves were dried in an oven at 70°C for 72 hours. Then dry weight was taken and expressed in percentage. After recording the fresh weight of roots per plant 100 g of root was taken, chopped and sun dried. The sundried roots were than dried in an oven at 70°C for 72 hours. Then weight the dried root and expressed in percentage. 2.6.2. Biological yield, Economic yield and Harvest Index Biological yield of a knol-khol was measured as the whole plant weight including the leaves of all the plant of a plot while economic yield was taken as weight of edible parts of all the plants in a plot and expressed in t/ha. Economic yield included only yield of knob. Harvest index is the proportion of economic yield divided by biological yield and was expressed in percentage. 2.6.3. Economic analysis Cost of production was analyzed in order to find out the most economic return under different treatment combinations. All input costs, including the cost for lease of land and interest on running capital were considered for computing the cost of production. The interests were calculated @ 12% per year for 6 month. The cost and return analyses were done in details according to the procedure followed by Alamet al.

Source of Information: Malaysian Journal of Halal Research Journal (MJHR) 2020, VOLUME 3, ISSUE 2

Article Link (Online Journal): Doi: 10.2478/mjhr-2020-0010

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the point of economic yield, it is observed that higher yield could be obtained by cultivating the knol-khol variety Early White using inorganic fertilizers under Khulna region of Bangladesh. Although recommended doses of NPK produced maximum benefit cost ratio, the treatment T4 (Poultry manure) and T2 (Cow dung) are very close to T1 (Recommended doses of NPK) and also statistically similar. So, we can consider the treatment T4 (Poultry manure) and T2 (Cow dung) for our soil health, environmental benefits and ecological safety. Further investigation may be carried out in different agro ecological zones of Bangladesh before giving final recommendation.

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