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Phenotypic Study of Rice Landraces of Bangladesh for Salt Tolerance at Seedling Stage

S Mukta*
Department of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

K M Nasiruddin
Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2200

S R Rahman
Department of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The environmental stresses such as salinity (soil or water) are serious obstacles for field crops especially in the arid and semi-arid tracts of the world. In order to investigate impact of salinity stress on rice seed germination and early seedling stage conducted at glasshouse and biotechnology laboratory of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2200. A total number of 80 rice germplasms were used to evaluate for salinity tolerance at seedling stage following IRRI standard protocol. Hydroponic system was used to evaluate salt tolerance of these germplasms using nutrient solution and controlled environment. The modified standard evaluation system (SES) of IRRI was used to score the discriminate of the tolerant, moderately tolerant and susceptible rice lines. Scoring was done at 12th, 18th, 30th day after salinization. Among the germplasms, 12 were found as salt tolerant, 13 were found as moderately tolerant, 26 were susceptible and 29 were highly susceptible. The plant height, root length and total dry matter (TDM) weight are greatly affected by the salinity. Considering percent reduction in plant height, root length and total dry matter weight, it can be concluded that Hogla, Patnai, Jamai Naru, FL378, Bazra Muri and Jota Balam were tolerant.

Keywords: Rice, Salinity, Seedling.

Location: Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2200

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to screen rice germplasms for salt tolerance under salinized and non-salinized conditions at the seedling stage.

Methodology:

Eighty rice germplasms were used for this study which was collected from the coastal areas of Bangladesh and the experiment was conducted at glasshouse and biotechnology laboratory of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh-2200. Method of screening of seedling for salinity tolerance Hydroponic system (Gregorio et al., 1997) was used at the glasshouse to evaluate salt tolerance of the 80 rice germplasms using nutrient solution (Yoshida et al., 1976). The germplasms were collected from the coastal areas of Bangladesh. Preparation for hydroponic system A rectangular Styrofoam with inner diameter of 18 inch having 100 holes with nylon net bottom and 1 inch thick frame pasted on top was used as seedling float. A rectangular glass fiber tray with 12L capacity and diameter of 23 inch was used to fit the floats. The holes were prepared in rows with about 1 cm diameter. Preparation of stock solution and nutrient solution Stock solution was prepared carefully to avoid nutrient deficiencies and mineral toxicities not attributed to salinity stress. Stock solutions were prepared in every two weeks. Macronutrients and micronutrients components for making 2.5 l stock solution, respectively. Nutrient solution was prepared in plastic containers. To prepare 1 l of nutrient solution, 1.25 ml of each macronutrient and 1.25 ml of micronutrient solutions were mixed with distilled water (dH₂O). The pH of the solution was measured by pH meter. Maintenance of seedlings and salinization and data collection Seeds were heat-treated in a convection oven set for 5 days at 50°C to break the seed dormancy. The seeds were soaked in tap water for 24 hours. The seeds were washed and rinsed with tap water and then placed on petrifies with moistened filter papers and incubated for 48 hours at 30°C for germination. Two pre-germinated seeds were sown per hole on the Styrofoam seedling float. For salinization, crude salt was dissolved with nutrient solution to reach the desired salinity level. The salinization level was measured by electrical conductivity (EC) at 12 dSm ^-1. The pH of the solution was monitored daily and maintained around 5.25 because +1.0 deviation of culture solution pH from 5.0 makes some nutrients toxic and others deficient. The modified standard evaluation system (SES) of International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) was used to assess the visual symptoms of salt toxicity. Leaves, shoots and roots of individual rice plants were separately kept into the envelope and oven dried at 70°C for a week and weighed. Weight of Total Dry Matter (TDM), % reduction of Total Dry Matter and % reduction of plant height was calculated as follows: Total dry matter = dry weight of leaves + shoots + roots % reduction = (traits of normal - traits in saline) / Traits in normal × 100.

Source of Information: J. Sylhet Agril. Univ. 3(2):299-306, 2016 ISSN: 2308-1597

Article Link (Online Journal): www.jsau.com.bd

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The studied germplasms showed wide range of variation of performances based on their agronomic traits viz. plant height, shoot length and total dry matter under salt stress. It was manifested from present data that germplasms, treatments and their interaction were highly significant for germination (%), root/shoot length and total dry weight. The lowest percent reduction in TDM was found in Bazra Muri, Jota Balam, FL-378, Hogla, Jamai Naru and Patnai. Considering the SES scoring as basics, the percent reduction in plant height, root length and total dry matter, it can be concluded that, Hogla, Patnai, Jamai Naru, FL-378, Bazra Muri and Jota Balam were tolerant in every criteria. Other than these germplasms, there were moderately tolerant, highly susceptible and susceptible germplasms were identified. This will be useful for developing salinity tolerant variety through conventional breeding, marker assisted selection and gene identification.

Knowledge Management: Journal