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Sustainable Storm Water Drainage System Design for Sylhet Agricultural University

M. S. Hossain*
Department of Agricultural Construction and Environmental Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

F Ishaque
Department of Agricultural Construction and Environmental Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

M A R Sarker
Department of Agricultural Construction and Environmental Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

S P Ritu
Department of Irrigation and Water Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

M F Hussain
Department of Agricultural Construction and Environmental Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Drainage system of Sylhet Agricultural University is often blocked by sediment and solid waste consequences in a water-logged situation. To eradicate this problem, a study was conducted to design of sustainable storm water drainage system for Sylhet Agricultural University. The rainfall data from the secondary sources and relevant data of topography and vegetation from the primary and secondary sources were collected to endure the study. An endeavor to analyze the present scenario of drainage system in this university was accomplished through questionnaire survey, informal interview and open discussion. Hence, hydrological data analysis paves the way to design the most economical and efficient hydrologic design of drainage system. 100 years return period and 1-hour rainfall depth was estimated to prepare an Intensity-Duration-Frequency curve. The study area was dividing into three catchments based on topography. The time of concentration of 1st, 2nd , and 3rdcatchments were 5.21, 4.72 and 5.75 min., respectively. However, peak discharges of three catchments were calculated using rational formula and the values were 1.19 m³ s^-1, 1.2 m³ s^-1 and 2.2 m ³s ^-1, respectively. Rectangular cross-sections of drains for three catchments were designed using Manning’s equation according to peak discharge. Therefore, total cost was also estimated. A proper management system for storm water drainage was also suggested to reduce the potential of flooding and clogging in the campus area.

Keywords: Drainage system, Hydrologic design, Peak discharge.

Location: 2016 at the Department of Agricultural Construction and Environmental Engineering (ACEE), Sylhet Agricultural University (SAU), Sylhet

Start Date: 00-00-2016

End Date: 00-00-2016

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Drainage

Objectives:

To design an efficient storm water drainage system for Sylhet Agricultural University.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in 2016 at the Department of Agricultural Construction and Environmental Engineering (ACEE), Sylhet Agricultural University (SAU), Sylhet. The existing drainage system of Sylhet Agricultural University is not in a satisfactory condition. So, the study was conducted to analyze the drainage system scenario and to design a sustainable system by using 100 years return period data. Collection of data To fulfill the objective of the study both primary and secondary data were needed. All the necessary data was collected from various sources. Collection of maps To endure the present study, different types of maps was collected. These are map of master plan of Sylhet Agricultural University, Google map and Google Earth map of SAU from internet and 3D map of this study area from project of land use of SAU. First two types of maps were collected from Engineering section of SAU and Google Earth map of SAU form internet and 3D map of this study area was collected from project report on land use of SAU. The existing drainage layout map was also needed and this has been collected from the project work designed by chairman of department of ACEE which is funded by SAURES. Secondary data Secondary data were collected from Bangladesh Meteorological Department, journal papers and hydrology selected books. The past and present data on natural drainage system was collected by reconnaissance survey. Collection of photographs A lot of photographs were also needed to illustrate the situation of water logging, related obstacles into the smooth drainage of urban runoff and its effects on urban life. Some of these photographs were collected directly from field survey and some other from daily newspapers as well as from internet websites. Questionnaire survey and informal interview To find out inherent causes of water logging in Sylhet Agricultural University and its associate impact on life and better sustainable drainage system, a field survey as questionnaire survey, informal interview and open discussion was conducted with the authorities of different concerned persons, experts and people living in different parts of SAU. The questionnaire was designed in such a way that it would track down the problems from the inception and the impact of the water logging in the locality. Climate of study area The climate of the region is greatly influenced by the onset and withdrawal of the annual monsoon. The climate of Sylhet is a tropical monsoon. Annual average rainfall is 3334 mm. Average annual temperature is around 24°C. warmest months is April. The coolest month is January. A lot of rain (rainy season) occurs in the months: April, May, June, July, August, September and October. Sylhet has dry periods in November, December and January. August is the wettest month. December is the driest month. Hydrologic analysis Most hydrological studies require short duration rainfall-runoff data and generally in Bangladesh, such short duration data are not available. However, daily data are collected. Hence efforts have been made first to develop short duration data from daily data to aid in hydrological studies in general, and storm water management in particular for the study area hydrologic methods frequently used in the runoff computation and design work can be classified into peak discharge methods and hydrograph methods. The former metalloid is commonly used for design problems on small watersheds where storage effects are unimportant; this would include design of street drainage, inlets and storm sewers. Hydrograph methods are most often applied to larger watersheds where effects of storage must be taken into account, such as in the design of regional detention facilities (ASCE, 1996). Catchment of study area Sylhet Agricultural University is situated in a hilly region. The study area was divided into three catchments based on topography characteristics like hilly, low and plain. 1. The first catchment starts from Humayun Rashid Chowdhury Hall to Kataltoli road. It includes four halls, an auditorium, playground and a Research Centre. 2. The second catchment area of SAU starts from the last point of the first catchment to new veterinary building and includes many academic buildings, administration building, mosque, some residential area, and lake. 3. The third catchment area was selected from new veterinary building to the last hill of SAU. It includes a major portion of a hilly area, teacher quarter, lady’s hall, guest house and Vice-Chancellor residential building. Rainfall data presentation Sylhet region has many rainfall stations of Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) and Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD). For the present study; Sylhet branch of BMD station has been selected. A total of 22 years (1994-2015) of daily rainfall data were collected. The yearly 1-day maximum rainfall from the Sylhet station was extracted from the computerized data.

Source of Information: J. Sylhet Agril. Univ. 3(2):271-280, 2016 ISSN: 2308-1597

Article Link (Online Journal): www.jsau.com.bd

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study concluded that the water logging condition of Sylhet Agricultural University would be eliminate by designing a sustainable storm water drainage system for this University. The hydrologic analysis showed that the existing drain size was 60% less than the required size to cope up with the changing rainfall pattern. Thus, rectangular size of the main drain was convenient than trapezoidal section. In those places where space constraints are acute, trapezoidal section may be placed with existing rectangular sections. A separate sewer system with sewage treatment facilities is required for maintaining storm runoff quality. Periodical maintenance of existing drains is essential to overcome the blockage of the drains in various points. Hence, the design drainage system will be more accomplished by proper evaluation of the hydrologic parameters related to storm water drainage design.

Knowledge Management: Journal