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Status of Chemicals and Aqua Drugs Used in Freshwater Aquaculture in North-eastern Bangladesh

M M Rahman
Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, 3100 Sylhet, Bangladesh

M M M Alam *
Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, 3100 Sylhet, Bangladesh

S M I Khalil
Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, 3100 Sylhet, Bangladesh

S M Bari
Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, 3100 Sylhet, Bangladesh

M M Rashid
Department of Fisheries, Matshya Bhaban, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Chemicals and drugs are widely used to increase aquaculture production in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in public and private aquaculture farms, hatcheries, nurseries and aquaculture entrepreneurs located in North-Eastern Bangladesh to know the status of chemicals and aqua drugs. Data were collected through questionnaire interview, personal contact, market survey and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) i.e. focus group discussion (FGD) with fish hatchery owners, nursery and culture farmers and retailers of aqua medicine and representatives of pharmaceutical companies. A number of diseases were reported in the study area by the farmers i.e. dropsy, fin and tail rot, and Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS), which were treated using different chemicals and antibiotics. A variety of aqua drugs and chemicals were used in aquaculture for pond management, oxygen supplier, toxic gas reducer, antibiotics and growth promoters. JV zeolite, Oxymax, Bio Aqua50, Oxy-dox F, Acemix Super Fish, etc. were used as growth promoters. Five brand antibiotics, with the trade names of Oxy-Dox-F, Doxy-A-Vet, Oxy-D-Vet, Oxy-tetra vet and Eskamycine, were used for treatment of diseases with the dosage of 0.8 mg kg^-1 feed, 1 mg kg^-1 feed, 15 - 20 g per 100 kg fish, 0.8 - 1.0 mg kg^-1 feed and 1 - 1.5 g kg^-1 feed, respectively. Liming (0.5 - 1 kg decimal^-1 ) was the most common treatment used by the farmers. Salt (250 - 500 g decimal^-1 ) and potassium permanganate (5 - 15 ppm) were also used. Some farms used pesticide to control parasitic infection in their ponds. Several under reported fish diseases were also found that could not be confirmed by laboratory diagnosis during this study. Further studies for laboratory diagnosis of the diseases are recommended to identify the actual causes and treatment.

Keywords: Antibiotics, Disinfectants, Aqua drugs, Fish health management, Freshwater aquaculture.

Location: In some public and private farms, hatcheries, nurseries and aquaculture farms located in North-Eastern region of Bangladesh, including Sylhet, Maulvibazar, Sunamganj and Hobiganj districts

Start Date: 00-01-2014

End Date: 00-10-2014

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

The study was conducted to identify different types of chemicals and drugs used in aquaculture activities in North-Eastern region of Bangladesh with its purpose, methods and dosages of application, and assessing their problems upon using.

Methodology:

Study area: The study was conducted in some public and private farms, hatcheries, nurseries and aquaculture farms located in North-Eastern region of Bangladesh, including Sylhet, Maulvibazar, Sunamganj and Hobiganj districts. The study was also performed in some aqua drug shops and medicine representatives of respective companies from January to October 2014. Data collection methods: Data were collected through questionnaire interview, personal contact, market survey and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) i.e. focus group discussion (FGD) with fish and prawn farmers, retailers of animal medicine and representatives of pharmaceutical companies. For questionnaire survey a set of preliminary questionnaire, based on the objectives of the study, was prepared. The preliminary questionnaire was tested twice at the field level with few farmers, and based on the responses, the final set of questionnaire was prepared. For the interview, simple random sampling method was followed to avoid the biasness. PRA tools such as FGD were conducted with rural fish farmers (poor to rich). Five to six fish farmers were selected for data collection in our research to crosscheck the collected information for more reliability. Key informants such as District Fisheries Officer, Upazilla Fisheries Officer and Non-Government Organization (NGO) workers were interviewed by a semistructured questionnaire. Key issues that came from FGD were also discussed with key informants to have more logical explanation. Cross check interview: Cross check interviews were conducted with key informants such as Upazilla Fisheries Officers, local leaders and NGO workers, where information was contradictory or requested for further assessment. The interviews of respondents were conducted in their offices and houses. Data processing and analysis: After collection, the primary and secondary data were reviewed, stored, coded and then input into computer for further analysis. At each stage of survey, data sheets were compared with original data sheets to ensure the accuracy of data entered. All the collected information were accumulated and analyzed by MSExcel and then presented in textual, tabular and graphical forms.

Source of Information: J. Sylhet Agril. Univ. 2(2):247-256, 2015 ISSN: 2308-1597

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It may be concluded that aquaculture plays a vital role in the national economy of Bangladesh as well as in the fulfillment of the animal protein demand, opportunity for employment, poverty alleviation and earning foreign currency. With the expansion of aquaculture and intensification of the culture systems in Bangladesh, many pharmaceuticals companies supplied different types of aqua drugs and chemicals with different trade names to fulfill the farmers demand for the most valuable purposes of the fish health management and disease treatment. Fish Disease is great threat to achieve optimum production and becomes a limiting factor to economic success of aquaculture in Bangladesh. Further in depth study in aqua drugs and chemicals to control potential diseases throughout the country is warranted.

Knowledge Management: Journal