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Study on the Biology of Cucurbit Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Cucurbitae (coquillett)

M A Rahaman*
Sector Coordinator – Food Security, Mennonite Central Committee Bangladesh, 4/10, Iqbal Road, Block – A, Mohammadpur, Dhaka – 1207, Bangladesh

M Jahan
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh – 2202, Bangladesh

K S Islam
Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh – 2202, Bangladesh

S N Alam
Chief Scientific Officer
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur – 1700, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Biology of fruit fly was examined in MCC Bangladesh field laboratory at Bogra from July to October 2009 as a part of development of the management strategies for cucurbit fruit fly (CFF), Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) on bitter gourd. Biology of melon fruit fly, B. cucurbitae revealed that eggs laid by female were creamy white, slightly curved, elongated and tapering towards the ends. Surface of egg was sculptured with numerous longitudinal ridges and grooves. On an average, freshly laid eggs measured 0.78 mm in length and 0.16 mm in width; the average length of larva was 8.8 mm and width was 1.52 mm; the average length of pupa was 4.22 mm and width was 1.76 mm; the average length of the adult male was 13.78 mm and width was 7.06 mm, where the average length of the adult female was 15.62 mm and width was 8.86 mm. The mean incubation period of the fruit fly was 6.98 days. The average larval developmental period was 18.66 days. The average pupal period was 21.3 days. The mean duration of adult stage was 27.67 days. The mean duration of egg to adult was 40.34 days.

Keywords: Bactrocera cucurbitae, Biology, Cucurbit fruit fly, Morphometric, Incubation period.

Location: MCC Bangladesh field laboratory at Bogra

Start Date: 00-07-2009

End Date: 00-10-2009

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insects, Cucurbit

Objectives:

In view of above facts and scarcity of related information on B. cucurbitae with special reference to bitter gourd, the present investigations were undertaken with the following objective: To know the morphometric parameters of B. cucurbitae on bitter gourd.

Methodology:

The experiment on the biology of fruit fly was conducted in MCC Bangladesh field laboratory at Bogra, from July to October 2009. The fruit fly was reared under mosquito net earthen cages of 25 cm diameter. The tops of the cages were covered with fine mosquito net and all sides of the cages were covered with moist detachable cloth for maintaining humidity and partial darkness. The adult flies were fed on sugar solution (water, sugar, glucose and yeast in the ratio of 3: 1: 1: 1, respectively). For egg laying the fruits of bitter gourd were hollowed keeping 2 mm thick peri-carp. The cavity was filled with wet cotton covered with black cloth to make the eggs easily detectable. Larvae were directly used for experiments one day after hatching. To obtain third instar larva, some larvae were reared on an artificial diet. The diet containing vials were then covered with a clean white cloth and left overnight in the laboratory at normal temperature. The vials were then stoppard using a cotton wool and larvae were allowed to feed and grow in a controlled temperature room until third stadium. Morphometric study of different life stages of B. cucurbitae was carried out by taking 5 replicates of each stage, viz., egg, freshly 1st instar, 2nd instar, 3rd instar (fully grown larvae), pupae and adults for linear measurements. In addition to the above parameters color, shape, size and periods of eggs, maggots, pupa and adults were also recorded.

Source of Information: J. Sylhet Agril. Univ. 2(2):203-208, 2015 ISSN: 2308-1597

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The biology, especially the morphometric characters of cucurbit fruit fly were studied through an experiment. It was found that the CFF eggs laid singly or in cluster, they were creamy white, slightly curved, elongated and tapering towards the ends. Freshly laid eggs were on an average 0.78 mm in length and 0.16 mm in width. The average length of first instar larva was 1.48 mm and width was 0.26 mm and the average length of full grown second instar larva was 5.2 mm and width was 0.84 mm. The third instar larvae were yellowish in color due to reserve food materials and larval average length was 8.8 mm and width was 1.52 mm. The average length of pupa was 4.22 mm and width was 1.76 mm, adult male was 13.78 mm long and width was 7.06 mm, where the average length of the adult female was 15.62 mm and width was 8.86 mm. The mean incubation period was 6.98 days, larval period was 18.66 days and pupal period was 21.3 days. The mean duration of adult stage was 27.67 days and the mean range of egg to adult was 40.34 days.

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