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Comparative Study on Effect of Plant Extract and Chemical Fungicides Against Seed Borne Pathogens of Chickpea

A Hossain
Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

A H M M Haque
Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

J Datta
Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

T R Tanni
Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

R Hasan*
Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is decreasing day by day due to some seed borne pathogen in Bangladesh. In this experiment, some plant extract and chemical fungicides were evaluated against seed borne pathogens of chickpea along with germination ability. A total of 15 seed samples of BARI Chola-9 were collected from different chickpea growing areas in Bangladesh. A significant variation was observed in germination percentage as well as pathogen association of the seeds. Seven seed-borne fungi such as Aspergillusniger, Aspergillusflavus, Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Botrytis cinerea, Rhizopus stolonifer and Alternaria alternata were detected. The highest prevalence of seed borne pathogen in chickpea was found from Bianibazar upazila sample along with lowest germination percentage. After the seed treatment with plant extract and chemical fungicides, the lowest disease incidence was found in Bavistin 70 WP than other treatments. Thus, Bavistin 70 WP may be an efficient seed-treating chemical fungicide to control seed borne pathogens of chickpea.

Keywords: Chemical, Plant extract, Chickpea, Fungicide, Germination

Location: Gazipur sadar, Sunamganj sadar, Sylhet sadar, Golapganj upazila, and Bianibazar upazila in Bangladesh.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed), Fungicide, Chickpea

Objectives:

Considering the value of chickpea production and its association with seed borne pathogens, this study was carry out to evaluate the efficacy of some plant extracts and chemical fungicides against seed borne pathogens of chickpea under laboratory conditions.

Methodology:

Collection and preparation of working sample: Chickpea seeds of BARI Chola-9 were collected from different locations of chickpea growing areas, namely; Gazipur sadar, Sunamganj sadar, Sylhet sadar, Golapganj upazila, and Bianibazar upazila in Bangladesh. Fifteen seed samples (500 g sample^-1) were collected from the farmer’s field (3 samples from each location) following the International Rules for Seed Testing (ISTA, 2001). These seeds were mixed to get a composite sample. From each of the composite sample, 400 seeds were randomly taken from each sample and used as working sample for further studies. Selected plant extract and chemical fungicides: In pursue of the objectives of the research, three chemical fungicides (Bavistin 70 WP, Iprozim 26 WP and Qubee 50 WP) and three plant extract (Neem leaf extract, Biskatali leaf extract and Marigold leaf extract) were selected. The chemical fungicides were purchased from the local market (Zindabazar, Sylhet). The plant extracts were prepared by blending the leaf of Neem, Biskatali and Marigold, respectively. Initially, 100 g of leaf were collected from each plant and thoroughly washed, air dried and macerated with 400 ml sterile water in a blender for 10 min. After blend, the suspension was filtered through double layered muslin cloth and then centrifuged at 4000 × gat 4⁰ C for 30 min. The supernatant was collected through filter paper (Whatman No. 1) and used as working sample of leaf extract (1:4). Detection of associated seed borne pathogens: The associated seed borne pathogens were detected using blotter method. Initially, three blotter paper (Whatman No.1) were soaked in sterilized water and placed at the bottom of plastic Petridish (9 cm ×9 cm). In each plate, 10 seeds were placed and incubated at (22 ± 2) ⁰C for 7 days by 12-hours cycle of alternate ultra violet (UV) light and darkness. After incubation, each plate was observed through stereo-binocular microscope. The associated pathogens were detected by observing their morphological growth characters. Effect of seed treatment with plant extract and chemical fungicides: The effects of plant extract and chemical fungicides against the detected seed borne fungi were evaluated using blotter method. The seeds were treated with Bavistin 70 WP (2.5 g kg^-1), Iprozim 26 WP (2.5 g kg^-1), Qubee 50 WP (2.5 g kg^-1), Neem leaf extract (1:4), Biskatali leaf extract (1:4), Marigold leaf extract (1:4), respectively. For control, the seeds were treated with distilled water. All treated plates were incubated at (22 ± 2) ⁰C for 7 days. After incubation, each plate was observed through stereo-binocular microscope, Incidence of fungi was calculated using the formula. Experimental design and statistical analysis: The experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The difference between the treatment means was evaluated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) following the procedure as described by Gomez and Gomez (1984).

Source of Information: J. Sylhet Agril. Univ. 2(2):179-182, 2015 ISSN: 2308-1597

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From this study, it may be concluded that a significant presence of seed-borne pathogens was present on the collected chickpea seeds from different locations. After seed treatments, the germination percentage of the chickpea seed was increased. Among all treatment with plant extract and chemical fungicides, Bavistin 70 WP gave the best results. So, Bavistin 70 WP may be a suitable seed treating agents to control seed-borne pathogens associated with chickpea. Further studies are carried out to examine the effectiveness of Bavistin 70 WP in field conditions.

Knowledge Management: Journal