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Vegetative and Reproductive Characteristics of Different Genotypes of Gladiolus Flower

M D Hossain*
Department of Agribusiness, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Banani, Dhaka

M S R Bhuiyan
Pro-Vice Chancellor, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

M Z Ullah
AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center, Jessore, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The experiment was carried out during November 2013 to May 2014 in commercial flower garden of Society and Human Development Organization Tangail (SAHDOT), Village-Shota Gobra, Upazilla Mirzapur, and District-Tangail to investigate the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of different genotypes of gladiolus flower. The experiment included five gladiolus genotypes. The characteristics in the study included plant height, length and breadth of leaf, number of leaves plant^-1 , length of flowers, breadth of flower, weight of flower, weight of single stick, length of spike, length of rachis, flowers plant^-1 , days to reach 50% spike initiation, capsule and seed. The results indicated the existence of wide variability among the genotypes on their vegetative and reproductive characteristics along with yield and yield attributes. The plant height of white genotype was the highest (60.25 cm) and the orange genotype was the lowest (45.00 cm), respectively due to genotypes. The length of leaf was recorded the highest (41.75 cm) in white genotype and while the shortest length (34.32 cm) was recorded for red one. The breadths of leaves were highest (3.04 cm) in yellow and the lowest (1.55 cm) in orange genotype. The average number of leaves was the highest (12.30) in white genotype which is followed by red, violet, orange and yellow, respectively. Genotypes varied from 59.61 to 92.00 cm and 25.60 to 47.20 cm in spike length and rachis length, respectively. Number of flower was the highest (14.30) in white and the lowest (8.42) in orange genotype. Considering crossing parameters, variations were observed for length of capsule, breadth of capsule, number of seeds capsule-1 and weight of thousand seeds. Data indicated that all the crosses produced more or less gladiolus true seed. The number of seeds capsule^-1 ranged from 15.10 to 38.45. The highest number of seeds capsule^-1 (38.45) was produced by the cross Yellow × Red while the lowest number of seeds capsule ^-1 (15.10) was produced by the cross Violet × Red. The results clearly indicated that the white genotype has the best planting materials which may be planted for luxuriant growth of plants and production of excellent flowers and for production of true seed the cross Yellow × Red is the best cross.

Keywords: Gladiolus, Gladiolus grandiflorus, Genotype, Crossing, True seed

Location: Flower garden of Society and Human Development Organization, Tangail (SAHDOT)

Start Date: 00-11-2013

End Date: 00-05-2014

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Gladiolus

Objectives:

Present investigation and research was undertaken to compare the variability among the genotypes and to find out the suitable genotypes of gladiolus flower for increasing the production of flower and true seed in order to meet the demand of gladiolus flower.

Methodology:

The present experiment was carried out at the commercial flower garden of Society and Human Development Organization, Tangail (SAHDOT) during November 2013 to May 2014 to investigate vegetative and reproductive characteristics of different gladiolus genotypes. The experiment included five gladiolus genotypes. The studied characteristics were plants height, leaves, flowers, capsule and seed. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) each having five replications. The unit plot size was 2 m × 1 m. The experimental plot was opened in the first week of November 2013 with a power tiller and was exposed to the sun for a weak. After a week, the land was prepared by several ploughing and cross ploughing followed by laddering and harrowing with power tiller and country plough for good tilth. The experimental plot was fertilized at the rate of 10 tons of Cowdung, 200 kg of Urea, 200 kg of Triple Super Phosphate (TSP) and 190 kg of Muriate of Potash (MoP). Cowdung, TSP and MP were applied as basal dose during the final land preparation and incorporated into the soil, but urea was applied two installments as top dressing. Half of the urea were applied after emerging 4 leaves and the rest half of the urea were applied after emerging 6-7 leaves (before flowering) of the plants. Medium sized corms were planted at 6 cm depth in furrows following the row to row spacing of 25 cm and plant to plant spacing of 15 cm. Weeding was done in the soil whenever it was necessary to keep the soil free from weeds. The irrigation was given 10-15 days interval after sowing the corms. Earthing up was done twice during growing period. The first earthing up was done at 25 days after sowing and the second earthing up was done after 45 days after sowing. Stacking was done during flowering stage of plants by 80 cm long bamboo sticks to facilitate the plant to keep erect. To control insects Malathion-57 EC @ 2 ml liter^-1 of water was applied. Ridomil 2 g liter^-1 of water was sprayed the plants as protective measures against fungal disease when necessary. Diallel crosses were conducted to produce true seed. Harvesting was done depending upon the maturity of crop varieties and their F1s. The data were recorded on ten randomly selected plants for each genotype from each replication. Plant height, length and breadth of leaf, number of leaves plant^-1, length of flowers, breadth of flower, weight of flower, weight of single stick, length of spike, length of rachis, flowers plant^-1, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, number of capsules plant^-1, number of seeds capsule^-1 , 1000 seed weight and seed yield plant^-1 were recorded. The recorded data on the selected parameters were set for statistical analysis. The mean, SD and CV of collected data for each treatment was calculated by using software Microsoft Excel.

Source of Information: J. Sylhet Agril. Univ. 2(1):35-41, 2015 ISSN: 2308-1597

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Achievement/Findings:

Results clearly indicated that the white genotype has the best planting materials which may be planted for luxuriant growth of plants and production of excellent flowers. All the crosses produced more or less true seed of gladiolus. The number of seeds capsule^-1 ranged from 15.10 to 38.45. The highest number of seeds capsule^-1 was produced by the cross Yellow × Red (38.45). So for producing true seed the cross Yellow × Red is the best cross.

Knowledge Management: Journal