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Exploring the Yield Potentials of Some Exotic Onion Lines Under the Climatic Conditions of Bangladesh

K M DHossain
Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jessore University of Science and Technology, Jessore-7408, Bangladesh

M A S Hossain*
Soil Resource DevelopmentInstitute, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh

A F M S Islam
Department of Crop Botany and Tea Production Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

M M Islam
Department of Crop Botany and Tea Production Technology, Sylhet Agricultural University Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

D Saha
Sylhet Agricultural University Research System, Sylhet Agricultural University,Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh during October 2007 to March 2008 to investigate the morpho-physiological characters, yield attributes and yield of ten exotic and two local onion genotypes viz. AV-15142, AV-17070, AV-21844, AV-21848, J-315, J-368, J-420, JM-315, JM-368, JM-420, BARI Piyaj-2 and BARI Piyaj-3. Among the genotypes BARI Piyaj-2 and BARI Piyaj-3 were the recommended varieties for both winter and summer cultivation and the rest of the genotypes were exotic. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Significant variations were found in all the morpho-physiological and yield contributing characters of onion.Results revealed that higher yield performing genotypes produced taller plants, higher number of leaves plant-1, longer and thicker leaves and thicker pseudo stem except J-420. The exotic line J-420 showed superiority in plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf breadth and pseudo stem diameter with intermediate yield. Investigation showed that low yield performing genotypes produced shorter plants, lower number of leaves and shorter leaves which resulted in lower bulb yield. Similarly, high yield performing genotypes produced thicker and larger bulb which resulted in higher bulb yield. The bulb of JM-315 matured earlier but showed lower performance in bulb yield. The genotypes AV-21844 and AV-21848 showed superiority in yield contributing characters. The genotype AV-21844 showed best performance in respect to storage quality, unsplitted bulb production, days to maturity of the bulb and bulb yield.

Keywords: Splitted bulb, Exotic genotype, Pseudostem ratio, Chlorophyll

Location: Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh during October 2007 to March 2008

Start Date: 00-10-2007

End Date: 00-03-2008

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Onion

Objectives:

In this regard, the Crop Physiology Division of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) collected some exotic lines of onion from AVRDC, Taiwan and Japan which have high yield potentials with short life span. These exotic lines were evaluated for the morphological and physiological characteristics with yield performances and compared the exotic lines with the existing cultivars.

Methodology:

he experiment was carried out at the farm of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh during October 2007 to March 2008. The experimental field is medium high land belonging to the Sonatola Soil Series of Grey Flood Plain soil under the Agroecological zone of Old Brahmaputra Flood Plain (AEZ-9) (Brammer, 1971). The soil is silty loam in texture characterized by heavy rainfall during monsoon and scanty in winter season. Ten exotic lines of onion viz. AV-15142, AV-17070, AV-21844, AV-21848, J-315, J-368, J-420, JM-315, JM-368 and JM-420 were collected from AVRDC, Taiwan and Japan. The two local varieties viz. BARI Piyaj-2 and BARI Piyaj-3 were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. The seeds of each onion line were sown in iron tray (50 cm × 60 cm) and covered with light soil. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. The unit plot size was 1.2 m × 1.5 m. Plot to plot and block to block distances were 0.5 m and 1.0 m, respectively. Plant to plant and row to row distances were at 10 cm and 30 cm, respectively. Fertilizer doses used in the experimental plots were urea 130, TSP 180, MoP 200 and gypsum 150 kg ha^-1 (FRG, 2005). Cowdung was applied @ 8 t ha^-1. Total amount of cowdung, TSP, MoP, gypsum and half of urea were applied as basal dose during final land preparation. The rest half of urea was applied as top dress at 31 days after sowing. Forty days old seedlings were uprooted and transplanted to the main field followed by irrigation. After one week of transplanting, gap filling was done where necessary. Irrigation was done at an interval of three weeks. Weeding was done twice at 20 and 60 days after transplanting. Fungicide (Dithane-M 45) was applied at 80 days after transplanting. The crop was harvested when 80% of leaves were fallen. Before harvesting 10 plants were selected at random from each plot. The bulbs were harvested from each plot separately and tagged. The tops of onion were removed by cutting the leaves 2.5 cm away from bulb. Morpho-physiological characters and yield contributing characters were evaluated. Plant height was taken to the length between the bases of the plant to the tip of the longest leaf. Number of leaves was counted from 10 randomly selected plants and average leaves plant-1 was calculated. Leaf length was taken from the base of leaf to the tip of the longest leaf at maximum growth stage. Breadth of the leaf, pseudo-stem and bulb diameter was measured in centimeter along the middle part of the leaf, pseudo-stem and bulb with the slide calipers and average value was taken. Chlorophyll was extracted in 80% acetone from the leaves of the plant and it was determined as described in Yoshida et al. (1976). Percent rotten bulb was calculated at two months after harvesting. It was calculated by dividing the number of rotten bulb to the total number of bulb by multiplying with 100 and expressed in percentage. Percent splitted bulb was calculated by dividing the number of splitted bulb to the total number of bulb by multiplying with 100 and expressed in percentage. Days to maturity was counted from transplanting to 85-90 % leaves fall down. Number of bulblets bulb-1was counted from 10 randomly selected plants of each plot and average bulblets plant-1was calculated. Bulb pseudo-stem ratio was calculated by dividing bulb diameter to pseudo stem diameter. Fifty clean sun dried bulbs were counted from the bulb stock obtained from the sample plants and weighed by using electronic balance and divided by 50 for getting single bulb weight. Bulb was separated from pseudo-stem manually and then air dried under shade and weighed plot wise and then converted to t ha^-1. All the collected data were statistically analyzed through ANOVA technique and the mean differences were adjusted with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) (Gomez and Gomez, 1984) under MSTAT-C program (Russel, 1986).

Source of Information: J. Sylhet Agril. Univ. 1(2):193-198, 2014 ISSN: 2308-1597

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Achievement/Findings:

In the study it could be concluded that the genotype AV-21844 showed best performance in respect to storage quality, higher unique bulb production and relatively early maturity of the bulb.

Knowledge Management: Journal