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Evaluation of Productive and Reproductive Performances of Indigenous and Crossbred Dairy Cows at Sylhet District in Bangladesh

M T Islam
Department of Physiology,Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

N Z Shoshe*
Department of Livestock Production and Management, Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

M T Islam
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

M M R Howlader
Department of Physiology,Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

MS Islam
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was carried out to investigate productive and reproductive performances of crossbreds and indigenous dairy cows. A total of 200 dairy cows belonging to 10 farms of Sylhet district were selected randomly of which 50 cows were Holstein Friesian cross, 50 cows were Sahiwal cross, 50 cows were Sindhi cross and 50 were indigenous breed. The highest average milk yields day^-1 cow^-1 and total lactation yield cow^-1 was observed in Holstein Friesian cross (9.82±2.92; 2899.13±1280.52 liter) followed by Sahiwal cross (6.13±2.85, 1773.60±1107.68 liter), Sindhi cross (4.35±1.12; 1127.24±342.32 liter) and indigenous cows (2.41±0.72; 541.42±144.71 liter). The lactation period (days) of crossbreds dairy cows was significantly (p<0.01) higher than native indigenous cows. The postpartum heat period and calving to first service were highest in Sindhi cross and indigenous cows. The age at first calving (months) was almost similar in different crossbred cows but significantly (p<0.01) higher in indigenous cows. Considering all the parameters studied, Holstein Friesian cross showed better performance followed by Sahiwal cross, Sindhi cross and indigenous cows.

Keywords: Crossbreds, Dairy cows, Indigenous, Productive, Reproductive performance

Location: Sadar upazilla (sub district) of Sylhet district in Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-07-2010

End Date: 00-06-2013

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

The present research work has been undertaken with the objectives to compare the productive and reproductive performance of indigenous and crossbred dairy cows in order to suggest the genotype suitable for sustainable small scale dairy farming in Sylhet region of Bangladesh.

Methodology:

The study was conducted at sadar upazilla (sub district) of Sylhet district in Bangladesh for the period of three years from July 2010 to June 2013. A total of 200 dairy cows belonging to 10 farms of Sylhet district were selected randomly of which 50 cows were Holstein Friesian cross, 50 cows were Sahiwal cross, 50 cows were Sindhi cross and 50 were indigenous breed. Simple random sampling procedure were followed for selecting farms and cows within the farms. A scheduled questionnaire was used for face to face interview of the farmers of selected farms to collect productive and reproductive parameters of selected dairy cows. As feeding and management practices in selected dairy farms were almost similar throughout the year. The parameters related to feeding and management practice were not included in this study.The productive and reproductive performances of different breed of dairy cows were compared using following economic traits.Daily milk yield (liter) Daily milk yield means total amount of milk produced day^-1 cow^-1. Milk yield is the most important economic traits and important criterion to choose a dairy cows. It was measured in liters.Lactation length (days) Lactation length was calculated by subtracting the date of starting of milking from the date of beginning of dry period. Lactation length was measured in days. Lactation yield (liter) The total production of milk by an individual cow throughout the lactation length was defined as lactation yield. The unit of measurement for this parameter was liter. Services conception^-1 Service conception-1 was determined as the average number of services or insemination required for each successful conception. It is a major indicator of the fertility and also the reproductive efficiency of cows. Age at first calving Age at first calving included the age when a cow given birth of a calf for first time. It was calculated from the intervals between the dates of birth to the date of first calving. Postpartum heat period The onset of postpartum heat period was calculated as interval between the date of calving and the date of first detected heat or oestrus after calving. It was calculated in terms of days. Calving interval (days) Calving interval was defined as the interval between two successive calving. The interval between first calving and the second calving were considered the first calving interval. Similarly, the interval between second calving and third calving were considered the second calving interval. It was measured in days. Gestation length (days) The total gestation length was calculated by the time of conceives to parturition. This trait was measured in days. Statistical analysis Both productive and reproductive parameters were analyzed in this study. The collected data covered for five (5) different genetic groups. The numbers of animals in different farms and group were unequal. As a result, the data confirmed a non-orthogonal factorial experiment (Snedecor and Cochran, 1980) The collected data were statistically analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) software. Analysis of variance test was performed to find the statistical difference between the productive and reproductive traits of different breeds.

Source of Information: J. Sylhet Agril. Univ. 1(2):155-159, 2014 ISSN: 2308-1597

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Achievement/Findings:

From the above discussion it is assumed that crossbreds are better both for productive and reproductive performances and may recommend replacing with indigenous dairy cows.Different environmental factors, genetic variations between breeds, housing, feeding and management system vary in different farms, that is why there are variation among breeds in productive and reproductive performances. It may be concluded from the above findings that the productive and reproductive performances were better in Holstein Friesian crossbred and gradually decreased in Sahiwal cross and Sindhi cross. Our native local cows were comparatively lower in production.

Knowledge Management: Journal