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Relationship Between Income Generating Activities of Rural Women and Their Decision Making Ability in Bangladesh

F Khatun
Senior Teacher, Stamford School and College Dhanmondi, Dhaka

SA Islam
2SSO, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute

MMR Dewan
SSO, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute

MRTalukder
Librarian, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute

MAM Miah
Professor Dept.of Agril. Extension Education, Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh-2202

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to determine the socioeconomic characteristics of the female respondents participating in different income generating activities (IGAs) and also to attain the nature and extent of the relationship between the selected characteristics of the respondents and their opinion in poverty alleviation of their family. An interview schedule was used to collect information through face to face interview from randomly selected sample size of 100 respondents. The respondents showed remarkable individual differences in their characteristics and majority (45%) of them belonged to young and middle aged category having high literacy rate (80%). Their duration of family life was more than 20 years (43%); family size was medium (34%); having small (47%) farm size and medium homestead area (62%). Most of the respondents’ (36%) annual income was more than Tk 70,000.00 and they have low (59%) communication exposure and hadno organizational participation (76%). Most of the rural women respondents had moderate participation in agricultural IGAs (55%); low participation in non-agricultural IGAs (63%) and medium participation (72%) in decision making process. Participation Index (PI) of the respondents in storage of agricultural product, agricultural product processing, poultry rearing, tree plantation and vegetable cultivation were the top five activities against nine items in agricultural IGAs. The respondents’ PI was high in rice husking and selling, muri making and selling and sewing of six items in non-agricultural IGAs. PI of respondents’ was higher in taking credit, taking or giving the land on lease, rearing of poultry, goat, sheep and cattle, buying or selling of land and making or buying furniture among ten decision making topics. Participation of rural women in agricultural IGAs had no relation with their participation in non-agricultural IGAs. However, decision making had strong positive correlation with both of their participation in agricultural and non-agricultural IGAs.

Keywords: Women empowerment, Income Generating Activities (IGAs), Decision making, Rural area of Bangladesh

Location: Bhati Barerarpar and Madhya Barera under Ghagra union of Mymensingh Sadar Upazila (lower administrative unit) of Mymensingh District of Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Non-commodity: Income generation

Objectives:

The current research is useful to produce the end product of (1) current status of the socio-demographic attributes of the respondents; (2) degree of their participation in various IGAs; and (3) scrutinize the opinion of the respondents approaching the contribution of IGAs and its relation to the empowerment of women toward decision making furthermore interrogating the influence of their characteristics upon their opinion.

Methodology:

Accurate information is highly dependent uponthe survey method (Ahmed et al., 2011). Furthermore, the most commonly and effective approach is the direct face-to-face interview (Ogunlade and Adebayo, 2009). This study was carried out with face to face interview survey research, administered using interview schedule that is used to collect data from the respondents on socio-economic characteristics as well as income generating activities. Two villages namely Bhati Barerarpar and Madhya Barera under Ghagra union of Mymensingh Sadar Upazila (lower administrative unit) of Mymensingh District of Bangladesh are selected as the study area. Family of Bhati Barerar parvillage (60) and Madhya Bareravillage (40) are the population of the study whose total number was 100,using simple random sampling technique. The entire process of data collection was conducted from September to December, 2004. Necessary coding of data was done after collecting the data and transferred these into computer for analysis. Different analysis like frequency count, means, ranges with percentages were administered utilizing Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. To show the contribution of socio demographic characteristics of the respondents on their opinion towards poverty alleviation through IGAs, this study treated range, percentage, mean, standard deviation, multiple regression analysis and rank order were used wherever possible. Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation (r) was used in order to explore the relationship between the concerned variables.2.1. Measurement of Dependent Variable Respondents’ agricultural IGAs, non-agricultural IGAs and decision making ability were measured by constructing a 4-point type scale ranged from 0 =Not at all, 1 = Low participation, 2= Medium participation and 3 = High participation. Each respondent provided their opinion by nine statements for agricultural IGAs, by six statements for non-agricultural IGAs and by tenstatements for decision making. Based on the calculation the respondents each were classified into 3 categories, 1) less participation, 2) moderate participation and 3) high participation. Measurement of Independent Variable Tenin dependent variables were accommodated in the interview schedule to judge the salient feature of the respondents are i) age, ii) academic qualification, iii) duration of family life, iv) occupation, v) family farm size, vi) homestead area, vii) annul income, viii) family size, ix) communication exposure, and x) organizational participation.

Source of Information: Eco-friendly Agril. J. 10(03):14-23, 2017 (March)

Article Link (Online Journal): www.efaj-international.com

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The present study gives final results that women in the study area are mostly in between young and middle aged having high literacy rate (80%). The respondents’ duration of family life was more than 20 years (43%); family size was mostly medium (34%); having small farm size (47%) and medium size homestead area (62%) are quite equal to the average of Bangladesh. Their average annual family earnings from different IGAs are as Tk. 74,650.00 which helps them to escalate their contribution towards the betterment of their family. Substantial communication exposure is low (59%) and no organizational participation (76%) influence negatively towards different IGAs of the respondents. As a result the respondents had moderate participation in agricultural IGAs (55%) by storage of agricultural product, agricultural product processing, poultry rearing, tree plantation and vegetable cultivation; low participation in non-agricultural IGAs (63%) by rice husking and selling, muri making and selling and sewing; and medium participation (72%) in decision making process. Participation Index (PI) of the respondents against nine items in agricultural IGAs ranged from 2 to 251; against six items in non-agricultural IGAs ranged from 6 to 275. Participation Index (PI) of the respondents against ten items in decision making process ranged from 62 to 195. Taking credit, taking or giving the land on lease, rearing of poultry, goat, sheep and cattle, buying or selling of land and making or buying furniture were the top five activities where women had maximum participation in decision making. Participation of rural women in agricultural IGAs had no relation with their participation in non-agricultural IGAs. However, decision making had strong positive correlation with both of their participation in agricultural and non-agricultural IGAs in that study area. Therefore the findings of the study suggest that after participation nto different IGAs the women are triggered more to earn money to help to boost up their current situation into a more positive direction and help to give decision in the family for better empowerment of women in the rural area. This situation can be accelerated more by arranging more social motivation; specific need base training and extension activities related to agriculture for upgrading their knowledge and attitude towards IGAs.

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