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Livestock and Poultry Rearing by Smallholder Farmers in Haor Areas in Bangladesh: Impact on Food Security and Poverty Alleviation

K. M. Mostafizur Rahman
Department of Agricultural and Applied Statistics, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md. Jamal Hossain
Department of Agricultural and Applied Statistics, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

M. Shihab Rana
Former MS Student, Interdisciplinary Institute for Food Security, BAU, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study aims at assessing the potentiality of increasing livestock and poultry rearing by smallholder farmers in haor areas to improve food security condition and poverty alleviation of people. This study was carried out in 200 small holder farmers rearing livestock in two upazilas (sub-district), namely Juri of Moulvibazar and Madan of Netrokona district. Both descriptive and functional analysis have been carried out. Result reveals that the average annual family income was BDT 254323 where average annual family expenditure was BDT 235775. Average daily per capita consumption of rice and all food items respectively are 397g and 1149g. Daily per capita calorie and protein intakes are respectively 2445 Kcal and 82g respectively of the haor people. People consume almost all 12 categories of food items and average household dietary diversity score is 11.85. Multinomial logistic regression suggests that increase of family size results in the corresponding decrease of food security condition and increase in expenditure on food items increases food security condition.

Keywords: Livestock and Poultry, Haor area, Food security, Poverty

Location: Netrokona and Moulvibazar

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Commodity: Livestock and poultry

Objectives:

The specific objectives of the study were: (I) to estimate the income generated from livestock and poultry in the study area; and (II) to assess the food security status of the selected sample.

Methodology:

Study Area and Data Two haor districts namely Netrokona and Moulvibazar was selected purposively for this study. Accordingly, Madan Upazilla of Netrokona district and Juri Upazilla of Moulvibazar district were selected. Primary data were collected from the farmers rearing livestock and poultry with direct interview method through structured pretested questionnaires. Total 200 households were selected randomly using simple random sampling technique from the study area and data were collected with trained enumerated. Data from 100 households of Madan in Netrokona district and another 100 farm households in Juri Upazilla of Moulvibazar district were collected. Two FGDs were conducted to collect qualitative and comprehensive information. Two Key Informant Interviews (KII) were conducted where Upazilla Livestock Officers were Key Informants. Analytical Technique Both descriptive and statistical analyses were carried out in this study. Descriptive analysis especially tabular analyses were performed along with calculation of averages, percentages and ratios of some indicators such as per household’s income, per household’s income from livestock, poultry and their products, per capita food consumption, calorie and protein intakes, share of livestock and poultry income to total income. Financial analysis was carried out on livestock and poultry enterprises. Thus profitability of rearing chicken (both broiler and layer), duck, pigeon, cattle (both for milk and beef), goat and buffalo (both for milk and meat) were estimated. Poverty indices were estimated using Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) method, such as Direct Calorie Intake (DCI) method and Cost of Basic Needs (CBN) methods. To estimate poverty index on the basis of CBN method, poverty line was estimated. The DCI method was used to calculate the incidence of poverty where population or household falling below a threshold calorie intake was considered as poor. A person, whose daily calorie intake was less than 2122 Kcal, was considered to be in the 'Absolute Poverty'. Similarly, a person having daily calorie intake less than 1805 Kcal, was considered to be in the 'Hard Core Poverty'. The Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) used the following semi-log or exponential model to estimate the poverty line: lnY = E0 + E1 X + U Where Y = per capita monthly expenditure (food and non-food), X = per capita per day calorie intake, U = disturbance term Multinomial logistic regression model was used to examine the factor affecting food insecurity in the study area where food security level was categorized as Y=0 for food insecure case where per calorie intake was less than 1805 Kcal, Y=1 for relatively food secure case where per capita calorie intake was less than 2122 Kcal but more than 1805 Kcal and Y=2 for food secure case where per capita calorie intake was more than 2122 Kcal.

Source of Information: The Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics, 41(1): 73-86, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The aim of the study was to determine the contribution of livestock in food security and poverty in haor areas of Bangladesh. The benefit which is expected from the livestock sector is based on increased production of milk, meat and egg to meet the nutritional demand, enhancing employment and overall benefit to national economy. Results reveal that livestock sector generated the highest yearly family income in the haor area. The ratio of livestock income to total income was found 0.48. Livestock was the main protein sources and reduced poverty in the study area. As livestock income is a major component of total income in the haor areas, policy should be developed by the government to make the enterprise more attractive and stable to the farmers by providing incentives in terms of bank credit with minimum interest rate, subsidies to feed, medicine, treatment, support services, development of pasture or grazing land for free grazing of livestock. Some programmes should be aimed at improving the grazing land resources in the haor area for sustainable livestock development and income from livestock enterprises. Benefits can be derived through breed up gradation; developed feed resources; improved health care system of animals and poultry; establishment of milk, meat and poultry processing industries for processing of livestock products and improved marketing system, etc. Poultry and dairy enterprises are less affected by natural calamities. Normally haor women are more vulnerable and victim of climate and environmental changes in terms of income and food security. Policy should be designed to use scare land, material inputs and human resource to produce varieties of crops, livestock and their products with a view to generating sustainable output and income in the haor areas.

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