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Water Stress Effect on the Factors of Production of Irrigated Rice in Northwest Regions of Bangladesh

Md. Salauddin Palash
Department of Agribusiness and Marketing, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Md. Wakilur Rahman
Department of Rural Sociology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Md. Ruhul Amin*
Department of Agribusiness and Marketing, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Mohammed Mainuddin
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Australia

Shokhrukh –Mirzo Jalilov
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Australia

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Like all animals, plant growth and productivity depend on water. Water plays an important role in plant vegetation as well as economic gain from the crop plant cultivation. An in-depth analysis is performed to see the impacts of water availability on functional factors of irrigated rice (Boro) production and productivity. Primary and secondary data were used to perform the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Primary data were collected from five districts of northwestern regions of Bangladesh considering the severity of groundwater scarcity. A total 643 samples were selected from irrigated rice (Boro) producer across the regions to analyze the water stress effect on factors of production and productivity. Severity of water stress has positive relationship with irrigation and pesticide cost, and negative relationship with lease value, labor and seed cost. Remaining two factors of production such as fertilizer and tillage cost shows a volatile indicator in water stressed condition. In the water stressed areas, though irrigation cost is higher, and farmers get lower yield from their land, but the net return is not much lower compared to less water stressed areas because of getting higher price of rice in the water stressed regions. The water stressed effect on irrigated rice production is significant which leads the policy maker to think of factors preventing farmers to adopt less water consuming crop varieties in the drought prone areas of Bangladesh and rice market to reach equilibrium price during the season.

Keywords: Water scarcity, Irrigated rice, Irrigation, Production factors, Bangladesh

Location: Rajshahi, Chapainawabganj, Bogura, Dinajpur and Nilphamari

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Commodity: Water Shortage, Rice

Objectives:

The aim of this paper is to see the water stress effect on different factors of production as well as yield and return of irrigated rice (Boro).

Methodology:

Study area and sampling technique The study was conducted in five districts namely Rajshahi, Chapainawabganj, Bogura, Dinajpur and Nilphamari of northwestern region in Bangladesh. These five districts were classified into three water stressed areas named as highly water scarcity area (Rajshahi and Chapainawabganj where groundwater level goes 10m depth in winter season), medium water scarcity area (Bogura where groundwater goes 7 to 10m depth during winter season) and low water scarcity area (Dinajpur and Nilphamari where water level goes 5 to 6m depth in winter season. Rajshahi and Chapainawabganj is the Deep Tube-well (DTW) area where groundwater level is well below the suction limit of Shallow Tube-well (STW) and the water level get declined 10m in every winter season. Bogura is a STW region where during the peak month water level goes below the suction limit of the pump, so water is not available for irrigation. The other two districts, Dinajpur and Nilphamari are also STW area but groundwater level does not drop below the suction limit of the pump. A total of 132 active groundwater wells are considered for getting the actual picture of water level in the specified water scarce areas among which 48 well was in high water scarce areas, 27 well from medium and 57 well was from low water scarce areas. Groundwater depletion level data was obtained on monthly basis and as per requirement the Boro season (October to March) water depletion data are considered. For the cross-sectional survey, a total 643 samples were collected using purposive random sampling method from these three categorized districts of which 232 samples from high water scarcity area, 177 from medium water scarcity area and 234 samples from low water scarcity area. A cross sectional survey method was used using a standard questionnaire which were pre-tested before the final data collection. Finally, data were carefully scrutinized and entered in data analysis software.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics, XL 1&2 (2019): 43-56

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Though Bangladesh is surrounded by rivers and average sea level alleviation is not more than 10m, irrigation is necessary to cultivate the major staple food grain (rice) of the country. Irrigated rice (Boro) plays the major role in the rice bank of Bangladesh, the contribution is more than 60% of total rice production. Any natural calamities such as excessive or lower rainfall and extreme/lesser temperature have negative impact on rice production. Therefore, irrigation is necessary to see the water stress effect on irrigated/winter rice (Boro) production in Bangladesh. The result shows availability of groundwater for irrigation have multi-dimensional effect on different factors of rice production which ultimately affect the rice production and return from rice farming in northwestern region of Bangladesh. Groundwater level is decreasing over the years and the severity is increasing in the winter seasons, but the severity is not same across the regions. Therefore, policy maker can make zone-specific customized rationing of more water consuming crops cultivation in the northwestern region of Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal