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Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Bangladesh: Achievement and Challenges

Md. Abdul Quddus*
Bangldesh Agriultural University

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Agriculture-based rural economy of Bangladesh contributes a significant portion to GDP; alleviate poverty and the determining factor for food security. The main obstacle to development of agriculture is the limited supply of land for cultivation, negligence of technology adoption and climate change. Thus, the study was undertaken to make an in-depth review study to fill in the knowledge gap in the way of achievement and challenges in sustainable agriculture production in the country. The study used the secondary information to provide a general view on prospect and challenges of crop sector and suggested necessary measures based on the present analytical review. Cropping intensity increased in the last two decades due to rapid expansion of irrigation, use of fertilizer, crop diversification and a number of policy initiatives by government. Double and triple cropped lands have been increased 37.6% and 273.5% respectively in the last 4 decades. Irrigated area has been increased 4 times in the last 3 decades whereas rice production has been increased 3.33 times in the last 45 years. Low increasing trend of agricultural production attributed to gradual loss of cultivable land, lack of intervention, adoption and dissemination of new technology, lack of sufficient support for agricultural research and training. Technology transfer capacity of extension and research needs to be developed to overcome the present slow and weak research-extension-farmermarket linkage. Agro-ecosystem could be improved using appropriate soil and crop management techniques and enhancing research and extension services and by increasing national and international collaborations.

Keywords: Achievement, Challenges, Cropping intensity, Food production, Land utilization,

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

The specific objectives are: (i) to review the achievement in agricultural production in the last four decades, ii) to know the policy initiatives to increase agricultural productions; and (iii) to identify and interpret the major obstacles that challenges development of agriculture.

Methodology:

In this study, achievements of agricultural production in the last four decades in Bangladesh were reviewed and major challenges of agriculture to achieve sustainable development goals were revealed. For this reason, the statistics and relevant facts related to agriculture production, initiatives taken by government and major challenges were scrutinized. This study was based on review of national data and policy documents of agricultural development. The study used the secondary information to provide a general view on prospect and challenges of crop sector and suggested necessary measures based on the presently available analytical review that may have to be pursued in future in Bangladesh. Gross cropped area was measured as the total area sown once as well as more than once in a particular year whereas net cropped area was measured as the area sown with crops was counted only once. Cropping intensity was calculated as (gross cropped area /net cultivated area) x 100.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Economics, XXXIX 1&2 (2018): 45-59

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1.

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Capacity building of marginal and small farmers in high value crops (HVC) production and postharvest technologies are very essential. There is need to develop stress tolerant varieties of crops due to climate change. Farmers should gradually reduce their dependence on the use of chemical fertilizers to maintain soil fertility. Irrigation should be applied at the appropriate growth stages of crops for efficient use of water. For quality seed production, farmers should be given massive training on seed production, preservation, and processing. Farm level handling, packaging, preservation and transportation facilities should be improved by technological and financial interventions to reduce post harvest loss. Storage facilities may be established in rural areas to allow farmers to store their produces and sell the same at better prices. Technology transfer capacity of extension and research needs to be developed to overcome the present slow and weak research-extension-farmer-market linkage. To restore "ecological health" in agricultural systems energy and resource overuse should be curtailed. Energy and resource conservation, environmental quality, public health, and equitable socioeconomic development should be considered in making decisions on crop species, rotations, row spacing, fertilizing, pest control, and harvesting. Agro-ecosystem could be improved through using appropriate soil and crop management techniques, saline tolerant and high value crop varieties, improve agro-ecosystem by green agriculture, practicing IPM, enhancing research and extension services and by increasing national and international collaboration. It is essential to have climate adaptation planning in such a way that conserves and sustains the ecosystems and support the poor to the changing circumstances. Strong political commitment must be ensured to implement the present “Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan”.

Knowledge Management: Journal