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Physiological Basis of Salinity Tolerance in Foxtail Millet

S Akter
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

MA Mannan
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

MAA Mamun
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

MS Islam
Department of Soil Science Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of salt stress on physiological parameters associated to salinity tolerance in foxtail millet plant in the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during March to May, 2018. Four foxtail millet genotypes namely i) BD-881 ii) BD-897 iii) BD-878 and iv) BARI kaon-1 were grown and each pot was irrigated using three levels of saline water viz. control (tap water), 60 mM saline water and 120 mM saline water. Results indicated that genotypic variability was profound in salinity tolerance in foxtail millet. The leaves of BD-878 maintained higher water content, higher accumulation of proline, and lower accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as less reduction of chlorophyll compared to other genotypes studied. BD-878 also showed relatively higher salinity stress tolerance, while BD-897 was susceptible in relation to yield. Higher salinity tolerance in BD-878 was associated with higher relative leaf water and chlorophylls with accumulation of higher amount of proline and lower accumulation of malondialdehyde content.

Keywords: Physiology, Salinity, Foxtail millet

Location: Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-03-2018

End Date: 00-05-2018

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Foxtail millet, Soil salinity

Objectives:

To analyze the changes of morpho-physiological parameters that are associated with the salinity tolerance in foxtail millet as well as to study the effects of salinity on dry matter accumulation and yield of foxtail millet.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh. The experimental site is the center of Madhupur tract (AEZ 28) (24.09ο N latitude and 90.26ο E longitudes) at 8.4 m above the mean sea level. The experiment was carried out employing 4 foxtail millet genotypes namely i) BD-881 ii) BD-897 iii) BD-878 and iv) BARI kaon-1. The plants were grown in plastic pots of 24 cm diameter × 30 cm height in size filled with soil inside plastichouse under natural light during March to May, 2018. The soil used in the pot was clay loam in texture and poor fertility status. The pH of the soil was 7.1, organic carbon- 0.60%, total N- 0.05%, available P- 0.08 mg/100 g dry soil, exchangeable K- 0.33 cmol_c kg^-1 dry soil and CEC- 14.58 cmol_c kg^-1 dry soil. Compost (1/4 th of the soil volume) and 0.27-0.28-0.20 g of urea, triple super phosphate and muriate of potash per pot for supplying N, P₂O₅ and K₂O, respectively were incorporated uniformly into the soil. The compost was made mostly from cow dung which contained 0.8% N, 0.6% P₂O₅ and 1.0% K₂O on dry weight basis. Ten to fifteen bold seeds were sown in each plastic pot containing about 12 kg air dried soil. After seedling establishment, six uniform and healthy plants were allowed to grow in each pot. Three levels of salt solution viz. i) Tap water (control) ii) 60 mM salinity and 120 mM salinity were applied from 14 days after sowing to maturity. Normal management practices were applied for all the treatments. The experiment was conducted with completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The plant height and total dry weight (stem +leaf) were measured at 20 and 40 days after salt imposition (DASI). Leaf water content, proline, melondialdehyde (MDA) content and chlorophyll content were measured at flowering stage. The leaf water content (RWC) was measured using the formula: [(FW ? DW)/(TW ? DW)] × 100 where, TW = Turgid weight of the leaf, FW = Fresh weight of the leaf, DW = Dry weight of the leaf. Proline, Melondialdehyde (MDA) content and chlorophyll content was measured according to Bates et al. (1973), Health & Packer (1968) and Witham et al. (1986), respectively. At maturity two plants were collected from each pot, and tiller number / plant, panicle number / plant, panicle weight / plant and seed yield / plant were recorded. Data of salinity stress (60 mM and 120 mM) were compared with those in control (non saline water) treatment in order to understand the relative growth reduction of the individual plant part. The recorded data on various parameters were statistically analyzed by “CropStat”. The treatment means were compared by Least Significance Difference (LSD) test at 5% level of significance (Gomez & Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(2): 11-24

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/baj.v22i2.47617

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Based on the above results it may be concluded that BD-878 showed relatively higher salinity tolerance in respect of dry matter accumulation and yield compared to other genotypes studied. Higher salinity tolerance in BD-878 was associated with better water relations and osmotic adjustment with accumulation of higher amount of proline. Furthermore, under salinity conditions less damaged chlorophylls as well as lower accumulation of melondialdehyde content contributed to the higher salinity tolerance in BD-878 compared to other genotypes.

Knowledge Management: Journal