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Effect of Nitrogen Rates and Leaf Clipping on Forage and Grain Yield, and Seed Quality of Transplant Aman Rice

Banani Karmaker
Additional Agriculture Officer
Department of Agricultural Extension, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Biswajit Karmakar
Principal Scientific Officer
Adaptive Research Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Sustainable fodder production is difficult from limited cultivable land occupied for food grain production. This paper presents the results of the experiment designed to test the hypothesis that forage could be produced along rice grain from the same rice field. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of N-rates and leaf clipping on forage and grain yield; and seed quality of transplant Aman (wet season) rice. Four nitrogen (N) rates (N₁=46, N₂=69, N₃=92 and N₄=115 kg N ha^-1) and four times of leaf clipping viz, C₀=No leaf clipping, C₁=leaf clipping at 25 DAT (Days after transplanting), C₂=40 and C₃=55 DAT were evaluated following split-plot design with three replications. BRRI dhan41 was used in the experiment. N rates, leaf clipping times and its interaction had significant effects on forage and grain yield, yield components and seed quality except thousand grain weight. The results revealed that forage yield increased with increasing N rates and leaf clipping times. Grain yield was higher in higher N rates and early leaf clippings, however, it was decreased in the late clipping (55 DAT). The highest mean grain yield (5.25 t ha^-1) was obtained from the treatment combination of 115 kg N ha^-1 (N4) and no leaf clipping (N₄C₀) which was statistically similar (5.18 t ha^-1) to N₃C₀ (5.18 t ha^-1), N₃C₁ (5.10 t ha^-1) and N₄C₁ (5.06 t ha^-1). The lowest mean grain yield (3.17 t ha^-1) was obtained from N₁C₃. Grain yield was reduced by 3, 6 and 24% in C₁, C₂ and C₃, respectively compared to C₀ (No leaf clipping). Qualitative characters (germination and vigour index) of seed increased with increased N rates, however it decreased in the delayed leaf cuttings. Application of 92 to 115 kg N ha^-1 with early leaf clipping (25 to 40 DAT) might be allowed to attain moderate forage yield, higher grain yield, and quality seed of transplant Aman rice.

Keywords: Leaf clipping, Forage yield, Gain yield, Harvest index, Vigour index, Rice

Location: Agronomy Field and Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Rice

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of N-rates, leaf clipping timings and their interaction on forage and grain yield of transplant Aman rice.

Methodology:

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field and Laboratory (24°75/N latitude, 90°50/E longitude and 18 meter above from sea level) of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, which belongs to the Sonatola soil series under Old Brahmaputra Floodplain (AEZ 9), characterized by medium high silty loam soil with pH 6.5 (BARC, 2012). BRRI dhan41, a high yielding modern rice variety of Aman season (wet season) developed by Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) was used in the experiment. Four nitrogen (N) rates, N₁ = 46, N₂ = 69, N₃ = 92, N₄ = 115 kg N ha^-1 and four times of leaf clipping (cutting) viz C₀ = 0 (No leaf clipping), C₁ = leaf clipping at 25 DAT (Days after transplanting), C₂ = leaf clipping at 40 DAT, and C₃ = leaf clipping at 55 DAT. In the clipping treatments, all the leaves (100%) were removed from rice plant and the leaves were cut from 12 hills selected diagonally of each plot. Experiment was laid out in split- plot design with three replications, assigning N rates in the main plots and leaf clipping times in the sub plots. Unit plot size was 3 m × 4 m. Seedbed management was done according to the traditional farm practice (BRRI, 2011). Land preparation was conducted according to the common practice of wetland soil preparation with puddling. Thirty-day-old seedlings were transplanted with 25 × 15 cm spacing using three seedlings hill^-1. Fertilizers containing P, K, S and Zn were applied @ 15, 38, 10.6 and 2.7 kg ha^-1, respectively using TSP, MOP, gypsum and zinc sulfate. The full amount of TSP, MOP, gypsum and zinc sulfate were applied basally during the final land preparation and incorporated into the soil. Urea fertilizer was top-dressed according to the treatments at three equal splits at 25, 40 and 55 DAT, respectively synchronizing to immediate after every leaf clipping. Due to frequent rains occurred during cropping period, no irrigation was needed. The crop was protected from pest infestation according to standard management practices. Furadan 10G was applied at panicle initiation stage of the crop to protect from stem borer infestation. Green and dry fodder yield data were collected from 6 m² area of each plot and converted into t ha^-1. From the center of each plot, 6 m2 area was harvested for determination of grain yield when 85% of the grains appeared yellowish (IRRI, 2014). Grain yield was adjusted to 14% moisture content, and expressed in t ha^-1. Yield component data were collected following recommended procedures (IRRI, 1994). Harvest index was calculated by using the following formula (Fageria et al., 2011; Karmakar and Sarkar, 2015): Harvest index = Grain yield/Grain yield + Straw yield. Germination test was conducted following the rules and procedures of ISTA (ISTA, 1976). Germinated seeds were counted on 7, 10 and 14th days after placement of seed vigour index of seedling was calculated using the following formula of Maguire (1962): Vigour Index = No.of seeds germinated at first count/Duration of first count++...No.of seeds germinated at last count/Duration of last count. Analysis of variance was conducted using the statistical software MStatC. Mean differences among the treatments were tested using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (Gomez and Gomez, 1984).

Source of Information: Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(2): 49-57

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/brj.v23i2.48247

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Application of 92 to 115 kg N ha^-1 with leaf clipping at early stage (25 to 40) days after transplanting could be recommended to obtain moderate forage yield, higher grain yield and quality seed of transplant Aman rice BRRI dhan41. Moreover, further investigation on leaf cutting and nitrogen management is very much important especially for the rainfed lowland rice environment to meet up enormous demand of forage as well as better grain yield with quality seed from same land in Aman season.

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