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Response of Wheat to Foliar Application of Urea Fertilizer

M Z Rahman*
Department of Agronomy & Haor Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh

M R Islam
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

M A Karim
Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

M T Islam
Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted at the Field Research Site of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706 during November 2011 to March 2012 to study the response of wheat to foliar application of urea fertilizer. Three fertilizer treatments were maintained in the 3m × 2m experimental plots in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). A non-fertilized control was compared with two foliar fertilized treatments receiving 20 kg ha^-1 of N in soil at crop emergence and also received foliar spray of 1% and 2% urea in each time at 36, 53 and 68 Days After Sowing (DAS). Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) value was taken from middle portion of the latest fully developed leaf of tagged plants at 3 day interval from 36 DAS using Minolta Chlorophyll meter upto 89 DAS. Perusal of the data revealed that significant effect was found in total dry matter production, leaf area index and SPAD values for chlorophyll content. Significant increase was recorded in number of effective tillers m^-2, spikelets spike^-1, grains spike^-1, thousand-grain weight and grain yield with foliar application of urea. Foliar application of 2% urea resulted in maximum number of effective tillers m^-2, spikelets spike^-1 , grains spike^-1 and grain yield. Maximum thousand-grain weight was recorded from 1% urea spray which was statistically similar to that of 2% urea foliar spray. It was concluded that foliar spray of 1% urea solution at tillering, jointing and booting stages along with 20 kg ha-1 of N at crop emergence helped in enhancing yield and yield components of wheat.

Keywords: Wheat, Foliar spray, SPAD, Grain yield

Location: Field Research Site of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706

Start Date: 00-11-2011

End Date: 00-03-2012

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Wheat

Objectives:

To study the possible effect of foliar application of urea on yield and yield components of wheat.

Methodology:

The experiment was carried out at the Field Research Site of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur-1706 during November 2011 to March 2012. It is located in Madhupur Tract under AEZ-28 at geographic. The crop tested in the experiment was wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety BARI Gom-26 which has been released by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) in 2010. BARI Gom-26 was sown at a row-to-row spacing of 20 cm. Three fertilizer treatments were maintained in the 3m × 2m experimental plots in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. A non-fertilized control was compared with two fertilized treatments receiving 20 kg ha-1 of N in soil at crop emergence plus supplementary nitrogen which was applied as follows, two treatment plots were applied via foliar spray 1% (FN38=38 kg N ha-1) and 2% (FN77=77 kg N ha^-1) urea in each time at 36, 53 and 68 DAS. Foliar spray of urea at 1% and 2% concentrations were prepared by the addition of urea fertilizer in water (w/v) and in each time 760 ml solution of 1% and 2% urea are applied to each plot of wheat plant according to the respective protocol of the treatment. A basal dose of 60 kg P₂O₅, 40 kg K₂O and 20 kg S per hectare was added to every plot. The source for N, P, K and S were urea, triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum, respectively. Total amount of triple super phosphate, muriate of potash and gypsum fertilizers were applied plot wise during final land preparation. A chlorophyll meter (SPAD-502, Minolta Camera Co. Ltd, Osaka, Japan) was used to record the chlorophyll content (SPAD value) from 36 DAS up to 89 DAS. A fully matured leaf from the top of the plant was selected for recording the SPAD values and the mean of five readings per plant was taken. Five plants were selected at random for mean SPAD value per treatment. Plants were sampled periodically from a row length of 0.5 linear m per plot by harvesting at the base and these areas are converted to per meter square. The sampling was done at 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 days after sowing. The above ground plant parts were segmented into different components as leaf, stem and spike with grain. Leaf area in each interval was measured by an automatic leaf area meter (AAM-8, Hayashi Dehnko, Japan) immediately after harvest. The segmented plant parts were then dried in an oven at 70oC for 72 hours and weighed. The experiment was terminated at plant maturity, when the plants were ripen and started to die. The harvest of wheat was started on 14 March and finished on 19 March 2012. Significant treatment mean differences were determined using Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT; Duncan 1955) and LSD test at 0.05 level of probability.

Source of Information: J. Sylhet Agril. Univ. 1(1):39-43, 2014 ISSN: 2308-1597

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The results obtained from present study indicate that the effects of foliar urea application were significant on chlorophyll content, LAI, yield and yield contributing attributes. The results of the study also indicated that, 0.18 t ha^-1 increased grain yield by using 77 kg of N (2% urea spray) as compared to control treatment. Balanced N management practices need to be established and followed to improve N use efficiency leading to desirable grain yield. More study may be carried out to find out the better utilization of foliar urea in wheat.

Knowledge Management: Journal