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Impacts of Cyclone and Flood on Crop and Fish Production in Disaster Prone Coastal Bhola District of Bangladesh

MS Islam
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

MR Jamil
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

MN Chowdhury
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

MH Kabir
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

RH Rimi
Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This study assessed the impact of climate change induced disaster on crops and fisheries production at Bhola Sadar and Monpura upazila of Bhola district, Bangladesh during January to June 2018. The study was gathered primary data from primary observation (PO), questionnaire survey (QS), focus group discussion (FGD), and key informant interview (KII). Secondary data were collected from Upazila Agricultural Office and Upazila Fisheries Office of Bhola Sadar and Manpura upazila and moreover, climatic data were collected from Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Results of the study found that trend analysis indicates overall annual maximum temperature increased for Kharif-I, Kharif-II and Rabi season. Average annual minimum temperature also increased for Kharif-I season but decreased for Kharif-II and Rabi season. Study also found that for all cropping season average relative humidity was increased. Annual average rainfall exhibited decreasing trend for Kharif-I and Rabi season but increased for Kharif-II season in (1990-2019) time period. The Aus, T. Aman, Boro and Mung bean was dominant cropping pattern in Kharif-I, Kharif- II and Rabi season in Bhola district. Overall, Aus rice production in Kharif-I season increased but in 2009, 2013 production was decreased because of cyclone Aila (2009) and Cyclone Mahasen (2013). T. Aman production hampered due to Cyclone Sidr (2007) and flood (2014) in Kharif-II season. In Rabi season Boro rice production lessen because of low rainfall and salinity intrusion. Overall, Mung bean production increase but in 2008 and 2009 production become hampered due to late cultivation because of Cyclone Sidr (2007). Fish production rate increase in Bhola specially Hilsha fish because of non-climatic factor like raid in non-fishing time, banned current net but fish production in pond become diminished due to infrequent natural disaster. Practicing of salt and flood tolerant varieties, floating bed vegetable cultivation, and mixed cropping system (mainly for Rabi season), enhanced expedition activities against catching mother Ilish in prohibition period, dredging in the heart of the river which can eventually reduce vulnerabilities and increase crop and fish production in the Bhola region.

Keywords: Climate change, Cyclone, Flood, Crops, Fish production, Coastal dist

Location: Bhola Sadar and Monpura upazila of Bhola district, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2018

End Date: 00-06-2018

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Climate change

Objectives:

To : i) assess climate change associated natural disasters

ii) to both past and present crop and fish production status, and

iii) to identify impacts of climate change induced disaster on crops and fisheries production.

Methodology:

The study was carried out in two upazila including Bhola Sadar (Kachia union) and Manpura (Manpura union) of Bhola district. These two upazilas are situated in between 22°41'24.65"N and 22°11'59.24"N latitude to 90°37'13.50"E and 90°57'13.49"E longitude. The two unions under the two upazilas are selected for being extremely vulnerable to natural disasters like floods, cyclones, tidal surges, tornadoes, river erosion and salinity intrusion. River floods are the most common over here. Areas are frequently flashed out by tidal water and inundated during monsoon season (Banglapedia, 2017). Data collection is the systematic process to gather and measure information from a variety of sources to get overall and accurate idea of an area of interest. For this study, primary data was collected through observation, questionnaire survey, key informant interview (KII) and focus group discussion (FGD). The KIIs typically involved a one-on-one conversation between a research team member and a key informant. Questionnaire survey was carried out in two upazila with 100 respondents who provided their perception about climate change impact on crop and fisheries production. The FGD involved 100 respondents from each union, which included 5 experts, 70 different professions living in disaster prone area, and 25 others. Secondary data for agriculture, fisheries, and disasters were collected from archives of government and non- government organizations and institutions, diaries, reports, related journals, and papers. The crop and fish production was measured in the unit of metric tons (MT). All data were processed and analyzed by using MS excel, Minitab, and SPSS software.

Source of Information: Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 40-55, June 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v10i1.48093

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Climatic variables are changing over time that leads to natural disasters. The impacts of frequently occurring natural disasters on crop production are evident in the coastal region of Bangladesh as well as in the study area. The Aus, Aman, Mung bean production is increasing, while Boro production is decreasing. Initiatives provided by agriculture extension office such as provision of high yielding varieties; adoption of salt resistant variety, proper training, manure application, incentives, and mixed cropping pattern are the main reasons behind increased crop production. The study finds that fish production is also increasing in both upazila of Bhola district. The reasons may include government initiatives like raid in restricted time period in the year, laws on prohibiting harmful fish net, provision of incentives during non- fishing period, proper training among fisherman, etc. However, recurrent and severe natural disasters as a manifestation of climate change impact may hinder and reduce productions despite of currently successful government initiatives.

Knowledge Management: Journal