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Climate Change and Its Risk Reduction by Mangrove Ecosystem of Bangladesh

Prabal Barua*
Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Md. Shah Nawaz Chowdhury
Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Subrata Sarkar
Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Climate change is amongst the most dreaded problems of the new millennium. Bangladesh is a coastal country bounded by Bay of Bengal on its southern part and here natural disasters are an ongoing part of human life. This paper discusses about the possible impact of climate change through tropical cyclones, storm surges, coastal erosion and sea level rise in the coastal community of Bangladesh and how they cope with these extreme events by the help of mangrove ecosystem. Both qualitative and quantitative discussions are made by collected data from different research work those are conducted in Bangladesh. Mangrove ecosystem provides both goods and services for coastal community, helps to improve livelihood options and protect them from natural disaster by providing variety of environmental support.

Keywords: Climate change, Bay of Bengal, Mangrove ecosystem, Natural disaster, Coastal community, Livelihood

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Non-commodity: Risk

Objectives:

In Mangrove ecosystem area of Bangladesh economic, social and cultural life is closely related with Mangrove flora and fauna, its lunar and tidal and seasonal cycles and their associated fish, shrimp and crab. Mangrove vegetation shield coastline from cyclone, storm surge and other natural disaster by reducing the wave energy and stabilize sediment.

Methodology:

Data Collection and analysis Semi-structured interview with five stakeholders groups e.g. fishing community, forest officers and staffs, local administrators (chairman & members of union parisad), local residents, and elite persons (school teacher, respectable elders) were done in the study period for collection the information about the state of forest and status of dwellers livelihood. The collected data were synthesized and the useful data were extracted for study, Participatory appraisal involves a series of qualitative multidisciplinary approaches to learn about local level conditions and local peoples’ perspectives. Rapid Participatory Rural Appraisal (RRA/PRA) was carried out using field observations and community level group meeting with different stakeholder groups in the adjacent forest areas from March to October, 2008 in order to gather primary information following the approaches of Pido (1995), Pido et al. (1996), Townsley (1996), IIRR (1998) and Hossain et al. (2004) and also to know the available resources of the mangrove areas as well as their importance for community livelihoods. Direct observation prevents rapid appraisal from being misled by myth (Chambers, 1980) and it often provides more valid and less costly information than other research methods (KKU, 1987). Group meetings with local communities are the important way of learning about local conditions and resources (Pelto and Pelto, 1978).

Source of Information: Bangladesh Res. Pub. J. 4(3): 218-225.

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.bdresearchpublications.com/admin/journal/upload/09168/09168.pdf

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Achievement/Findings:

Climate change has created significant impact on coastal rural people of Bangladesh, changes the life style and destroys the livelihood options. A well developed mangrove forest ensures different goods and services for local people and attracts mangrove dependent species to enhance biodiversity. As the natural disasters are increasing around the globe it is essential to protect mangrove for human welfare to improve protection against typhoons, storm tides, tsunamis and other ensuing catastrophic consequences.

Knowledge Management: Journal