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Grain Shape, Protein, Zinc and Iron Content of Rice Land Races in Bangladesh

M. Khatoon
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

M.T. Islam
Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

More than half of the world's population relies on rice as the major daily source of calories and protein deficiency and micronutrient malnutrition are gradually increasing. Zinc and iron are the most important elements, deficiency of which is a major cause for malnutrition. The nutritional status and grain quality of rice is becoming more important. Awareness to have nutritionally enriched food and consumer acceptance may help in developing micronutrient enriched rice varieties. Thirty six rice land races along with a high yielding variety BRRI dhan48 were analyzed to know the nutritional status (protein, Zn and Fe) for their improvement. Zn ranged from 34.96 to 6.37 ppm. The highest Zn content was found in Chiritob followed by Kalanbhog, Saubail and Sakkorkhora. Jaradhan had the lowest Zn content followed by Begurbitchi, Jirakalani, Kalazira TAPL, Noyonmoni, Jirakatari, Madhimadob, Badsabhog, Bashmoti and Lalsora. Fe ranged from 11.3 to 2.07 ppm. The highest Fe content was found in Jirakalani and the lowest in Kultichikon. Protein content ranged from 7.63 to 7.02%. The highest protein content was found in Kultichikon followed by Sakkorkhora, Boishaki, Bashmoti and Noyonmoni. Chiritob and Jirakalani may be used as good source of Zn and Fe for further improvement.

Keywords: Rice, Grain, Quality, Zinc, Iron, Protein, Landraces

Location: Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh and Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-00-2018

End Date: 00-00-2020

Program Area: Quality and Nutrition

Commodity: Quality, Nutrition

Objectives:

To know the shape of grains and protein, Zn and Fe content of landraces and their further improvement.

Methodology:

Rice sample preparation Thirty seven rice genotypes (36 land races and a high yielding variety BRRI dhan48) were collected from Bangladesh Rice Research Institute and different parts of Bangladesh. The research was conducted in Crop Physiology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh and Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 2018 to 2020. The samples were manually cleaned to remove cracks kernels and the husk of the paddy was removed to get rice. Rice grains were grinded for analyzing. Determination of kernel length and breadth- Ten randomly selected whole kernels of rice in three sets were taken and length and breadth of each grain was measured by using a slide calipers. The average value for each observation was considered as final reading. The length and breadth of rice kernel were expressed in millimeter (mm). Determination of kernel length/breadth (L/B) ratio- The L/B ratio was calculated by dividing the average length by the average breadth of kernel. L/B ratio= Average length of the rice (mm)/ average breadth of the rice (mm). The scores are recorded for brown rice to evaluate the traits as genetic characteristics avoiding the effect of milling on size and shape. The rice grains were classified by standard evaluation system (SES) for rice (IRRI 1996), provides the following scales: For size extra long (>7.50), long (6.61-7.50), medium/ intermediate (5.51-6.60), and short (< 5.50) mm. Estimation of protein- Micro-Kjeldahl method was used for the estimation of total nitrogen in rice grain. Then total nitrogen was multiplied by conversion factor to obtained protein content. Digestion: Powdered rice samples (0.2 g) taken in a 75 ml Kjeldahl flask and 5ml of concentrated H₂SO₄, 1 gm of digestion mixture was added. The flask was placed on digestion chamber and boiled until the mixture content becomes clear. The flask was cooled and the digested sample was diluted with distilled water. Distillation: 25 ml of diluted digested samples was taken and 25 ml of 40% NaOH was poured into the flask slowly holding the flask about 45^.angle and connected to the distillation set. The distillate was collected in a conical flask containing 10ml of 2% Boric acid solution and 2-3 drops of mixed indicator. Titration: Total distillate was titrated with 0.1N HCL and titration value was recorded. Percentage of N was calculated by the following × formula: % of nitrogen= (Ts-Tb) × normality of acid × 0.014 × 100/weight of samples (g), Where Ts= Titre value of the sample, Tb= Titre value of the blank 0.014= Milli equivalent weight of nitrogen % protein= % of nitrogen × C.F. C.F.= Conversion factor (5.5 for plant sample). Sample preparation and determination of Zn and Fe- Collected samples were dried in an oven at 65°C for 24 hours and ground by a grinding machine after cooling. The prepared samples were then kept into plastic bottles until extract preparation. The plant extract was prepared by wet oxidation method using di-acid mixture following Singh et al. 1999. Exactly, 1.0 g of finely ground plant material was taken into a 250 mL conical flask and 10 mL of di-acid mixture (HNO₃ : HClO₄= 2:1) was added to it. Then, it was placed on the electric hot plate for heating at 180-200°C until white fumes were evolved and subsequently cooled at room temperature. The digest was washed with distilled water repeatedly and filtered into a 100 mL volumetric flask through filter paper (Whatman No. 42) and the volume was made up to the mark with distilled water. Amaranth extracts were preserved separately in plastic bottles for subsequent chemical analysis. The concentrations of Fe and Zn ions in the extracts were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) (Model: SHIMADZU AA-7000) at the wavelengths of 248.3 and 213.9 nm, respectively as described by APHA 2012.

Source of Information: Int. J. Expt. Agric. 10(2):7-11(July 2020)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://ggfjournals.com/e-journals archive

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Zn content of rice land races ranged from 34.96 to 6.37 ppm, Fe content from 11.3 to 2.07 ppm and protein content from 7.63 to 7.02%. The highest Zn content was found in Chiritob and the highest Fe content in Jirakalani. So, Chiritob and Jirakalani may be used as good source of Zn and Fe for further improvement.

Knowledge Management: Journal