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Effect of Indigenous Trichoderma Strains on Growth of Tomato Seedlings

M.M. Islam
Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet

S.B. Shahid
Department of Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet

A. Akter
Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet

M.S. Hossain
Department of Agronomy and Haor Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet

M.S.U. Bhuiyan
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Trichoderma spp. are beneficial to agriculture which are mainly used as biological control agents against a wide range of plant pathogens and for their plant growth enhancement capacity. An experiment was carried out with three Bangladeshi native strains namely T. harzianum TR05, T. virens TR06 and T. asperellum TR08 to evaluate the effects on growth of tomato seedlings in green house conditions. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was followed and each treatment was replicated three times. Tomato seeds and three week old seedlings were inoculated with the above mentioned Trichoderma strains and transplanted into tray filled with autoclaved commercial culture soil. At two weeks after sowing, seedling emergence was monitored to determine effectiveness of the Trichoderma strains on germination. T₁ (Application of TR05) recorded highest germination (96.3%) followed by T₃ (Application of TR08; 90.0%) and T₂ (Application of TR06; 82.0%). At six weeks, the seedlings were compared for number of leaves, shoot length, root length, stem caliper at soil line, fresh weight, dry weight and seedling vigour. The results demonstrated that T. harzianum TR05 strain significantly improved the growth of tomato seedlings among the strains applied. Colonization of roots at 5-week old tomato seedlings was found significant. T₁ showed highest colonization (98.7%) followed by T₃ (90.3%) and T₂ (81.3%). The correlation between all aforesaid characters of tomato seedlings was found significant and (P<0.05) positive. More than 90% correlation was observed between the aforementioned growth characters of tomato seedlings.

Keywords: Tomato, Thrichoderma, Growth characters, Root colonization

Location: Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science laboratory in Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-00-2015

End Date: 00-00-2015

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Tomato

Objectives:

The aim of present study was to determine the effects of Trichoderma strains on growth of tomato seedlings in greenhouse conditions.

Methodology:

Trichoderma strains- Three strains (T. harzianum TR05, T. virens TR06 and T. asperellum TR08) identified and isolated from various regions of Bangladesh (Islam et al. 2016) and maintained at Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science laboratory in Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh were used in this experiment. The experiments were carried out during 2015. Treatment combinations- The effectiveness of the three Trichoderma strains on tomato seedlings was examined in a greenhouse following seed treatments. Inoculation of the Trichoderma strains were conducted according to the following combinations: T₀ = Control, T₁ = Application of TR05, T₂ = Application of TR06 and T₃ = Application of TR08. Germination- A12 day-old PDA-grown culture of each Trichoderma (TR05, TR06 and TR08) strains was blended with sterile deionized water and a 30-ml fungal suspension was prepared. Spore density in the suspension was 7 × 10⁸ spore/ml, determined by a haemocytometer under a light microscope. Tomato seeds were sterilized in 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 minutes and rinsed thoroughly in sterile distilled water. Inoculation with the Trichoderma strains was then performed by dipping seeds in the fungal suspension for 30 min. Control seeds were soaked in an equal volume of deionized water. The treated and control seeds were directly sown into trays (30 × 20 × 7.5 cm) filled with autoclaved commercial culture soil (0.8 kg/tray) at the rate of 30 seeds per tray. Trays were placed on a bench in a greenhouse. For 2 weeks after sowing, seedling emergence was monitored to determine effectiveness of the Trichoderma strains on germination. Growth characters of tomato seedlings- 21-day-old tomato seedlings from each treatment were removed from tray and culture soil was gently washed off of the root system. Seedlings from each Trichoderma strain was dipped into a solution at concentration of 7 × 10⁸ spore/ml. Tomato seedling roots were submerged in the solution for 30 minutes and immediately transplanted into plastic pots (6" diameter with 8" height) filled with 1.3 kg of autoclaved commercial culture soil. Untreated seedling roots were dipped in distilled water for 30 minutes and included to the experiment. Five tomato seedlings were grown for each treatment. The seedlings were watered by hand on daily basis. The effects of Trichoderma strains on growth of tomato seedlings were evaluated after 6 weeks from sowing. Five tomato seedlings from each treatment were removed from pots and the roots gently washed using running tap water. Number of leaves, shoot length, root length, stem caliper at soil line, fresh weight, dry weight and seedlings vigour were evaluated. Shoot length were calculated from soil line to shoot top. Dry weight measured after drying for 5 days at 45°C (McGovern et al. 1992). Seedling vigour was calculated using the following formula: Vigour index = (Root length + Shoot length) × Seed germination percentage. Root colonization- Root colonization by Trichoderma strains (TR05, TR06 and TR08) was calculated in a separate experiment conducted in greenhouse. Tomato seeds were sterilized in 1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 minutes and rinsed thoroughly in sterile distilled water, and directly sown into trays (30 × 20 × 7.5 cm) filled with autoclaved commercial culture soil (0.8 kg/tray), inoculated with a spore suspension (7 × 10⁸ spore/ml) of each Trichoderma (TR05, TR06 and TR08) strains as previously described. An untreated control was included in the experiment. Experiment was ended when seedlings were 5 weeks old. Seedlings from each treatment were removed from tray and root systems were rinsed with running tap water to remove soil particles. Roots were collected and cut into 3 cm long fragments, and then surface sterilized. Disinfested root fragments were transferred onto PDA (5 fragments/plate), and incubated at (25±2)°C for 7 days. The percent root colonization was calculated from the number of roots yielding at least one colony of the target organism. Statistical analysis- The treatments were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications of each treatment. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), descriptive statistics and bivariate correlation of growth characters data was analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 17.0. The treatment multiple comparison was calculated using least significant difference (LSD) at 5% level of significance. The treatment mean values were compared and lettering was done using Duncan multiple rang test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: Int. J. Expt. Agric. 10(2):1-6(July 2020)

Article Link (Online Journal): http://ggfjournals.com/e-journals archive

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Achievement/Findings:

Application of Trichoderma strains into soil or directly apply to roots of seedlings is an economic and effective way to obtain a more vigorous tomato seedlings, and transplanted to main field. In addition to providing antimicrobial action, Trichoderma can stimulate the biological activity of resident antagonistic microbial populations, thus promoting plant growth. Probable explanation of this circumstance includes control of certain pathogens resulting vigorous growth and nutrient uptake of seedlings/transplants. In this study, results indicated that Trichoderma strains had a positive impact on growth of tomato seedlings. However, further studies are underway in net house and field conditions to examine the effectiveness of these strains as alternatives to chemicals.

Knowledge Management: Journal