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Study on Anatomy and Postnatal Development of Sublingual Salivary Glands in Black Bengal Goat

Shah Md. Abdur Rauf
Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

There are three pairs of salivary glands in Black Bengal goat namely parotid, mandibular and sublingual salivary gland. Information regarding the sublingual salivary gland is very limited and confined in adult goat only, no reports available concerning the postnatal development of the goat sublingual gland to date. Present study is carried out to fill up the gap of information regarding this gland. In day old kid the sublingual gland is measured 2.5 ± 0.30 cm in length, 0.25 ± 0.08 cm in breadth, 0.15 ± 0.01 cm in thickness and 0.09 ±0.01 g in weight which became little more than double in each parameter in adult. The main sublingual duct is formed by the union of 5-7 radicles from monostomatic part of the gland and opened at sublingual caruncle. 26- 30 small tortuous ducts arise from the polystomatic part and opened independently in a row of microscopic orifices of the sublingual fold. Gradual histological development shows the glandular units composed of tubulealveolar acini which are mostly mucous in type. The mucous acini composed of pyramidal shape cells resting on a basement membrane. In day old kid, the acini have distinct lumen. The cells contain rounded nuclei at their basal part and lack of zymogenic granules indicating less functional state of the glands. Along the advancement of age the size of lobes and lobules are increased, the lumens of the mucous acini reduced in size, nuclei of the cells became flattened the zymogenic granules increased gradually. Mixed acini are more than the serous acini where a serous demilune is attached on a mucous acinus. The serous acini were less in number.

Keywords: Sublingual gland; Mucous acini; Serous acini; Intercalated duct, Goat

Location: Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Goat

Objectives:

To investigate the anatomy, histology and postnatal development of sublingual salivary gland of Black Bengal goat for academic interest and to fill up the gap of information regarding the gland.

Methodology:

The study was conducted at the Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi. Fifteen Black Bengal goats of different ages and sexes were used for the gross and microscopic study. Goats consisted of three age groups such as kids of day old (n=5), 6 months old (n=5) and 2 years old (n=5). The goats were killed under anesthesia using 2% lignocaine hydrochloride and 0.9% saline was injected through the common carotid artery to flash the blood vessels. Then the goats were preserved by injecting the fixing solution containing 10% formalin, 1% phenol and 0.05% glycerin in distilled water. After 24 hours of preservation latex were injected through common carotid artery, then dissections were carried out. Muscles were removed from the cranial part of the mandible by reflecting the skin. Finally, the mandibles were broken gently with bone cutter to expose the sublingual salivary glands. The topography, shape, color, morphometry and weights were recorded. Measuring scale and electric balance were used to measure the length and weight of the glands, respectively. Dissecting microscope and magnifying glass were used to study the finer branches of blood vessels and duct system. For microscopic studies fresh glandular tissue from 15 goats were collected. The tissue samples were processed following standard procedure for histologic studies (Golbar et al., 2013). In brief, the tissues were dehydrated through ascending grades of alcohol, cleared by three changes in xylene then embedded in paraffin. The paraffin embedded tissues were sectioned at 5 µm in thickness by using a semi-automatic rotary microtome (MosbiTM, China), routinely stained with Mayer’s hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and examined under a light microscope. The images of the tissue sections were grabbed by using a photographic microscope system.

Source of Information: Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2020, 6 (2), 328-333

Article Link (Online Journal): doi: 10.3329/ajmbr.v6i2.48080

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Salivary gland is an important organ of mammals which secretes clear, tasteless fluid called saliva. Saliva is secreted into the oral cavity via a series of ducts in the ductal system, and plays diverse roles by having digestive, antibacterial, buffering, lubricant, and water-balance functions. Dysfunction of salivary secretion causes xerostomia or dry mouth and sequentially leads to severe dental caries as well as oral mucosal disorders. Hyposalivation is caused by systemic diseases such as Sjögren’s syndrome and by pharmaceutical side effects, salivary stones, and tumors as well as medical treatments including radiotherapy. The study of the salivary gland forms an important link between the anatomy and surgery. The salivary glands and ducts may be affected by inflammation, calculus formation, rupture or neoplasia. Sialoadenitis is commonly associated with salivary mucoceles. The recognition and treatment of these lesions depend on an adequate knowledge of anatomy. There are three pairs of salivary glands in Black Bengal goat namely parotid, mandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Information regarding the sublingual salivary gland is very limited and confined in adult goat only; data regarding the developmental pattern of the gland are not available. Present study was carried out to fill up the gap of information regarding this gland. The topography, shape, color, relation and morphometry of day old kid, young goat of 6 months age and adult goat of 2 years age are discussed. Formation and course of duct system, arterial supply and venous drainage also discussed. Gradual histological development is observed through this study for the first time. This study provides a convenient baseline for the immune histochemical study to detect various secretory proteins (enzymes/antibodies etc) at different stage of development.

Knowledge Management: Journal