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Performance of Some Plant Cakes Against Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Tea

AKMR Hoque
Development Officer, Project Development Unit, Bangladesh Tea Board, Srimangal, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh

AFM Aslam
Professor, Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

AJ Howlader
Professor, Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

MSA Mamun
Entomology Division, Bangladesh Tea Research Institute, Srimangal, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to study the performance of some indigenous plant cakes against plant parasitic nematodes in tea at Entomology Laboratory, Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI), Srimangal, Moulvibazar during August 2014 to November 2015. Indigenous crude plant cakes of Marigold (Tagetes sp.) (leaves, flowers and stems), Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) (leaves and fruits), Chirota (Swertia chirayaita) (leaves and stems), Neem (Azadirachta indica) (leaves) and Mahagoni (Swietenia mahogani) (seeds) were selected for the study. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Soil samples were analyzed in the Nematology Laboratory, Entomology Division for the counting of the nematodes. Extraction was done by Baermann Funnel Method with slight modification. Then nematodes were counted through Stereoscopic microscope. The result revealed that the treatment differences were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). All the treatments showed the toxic effect in reducing nematode populations significantly from the soil. Among them, Marigold plant cake showed the highest (78.80%) mortality of nematodes in the treated soil followed by Mahogani (77.08%) and Neem (75.40%). It is concluded that the tested plant cakes may effectively be utilized as the safer nematicidal products in integrated management of nematodes in tea.

Keywords: Plant Cakes, Tea, Plant Parasitic Nematodes, IPM

Location: Entomology Laboratory, Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI), Srimangal, Moulvibazar

Start Date: 00-08-2014

End Date: 00-11-2015

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Nematodes, Tea

Objectives:

The present research was designed to test the efficacy of cakes prepared by different types of plants on nematode pests.

Methodology:

An experiment was undertaken to evaluate the performances of plant cakes for the control of nematodes infesting tea plant at Entomology Laboratory, Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI), Srimangal, Moulvibazar during the period from August 2014 to November 2015. The nematodes were cultured in a pot with sufficient cowdung at the Entomology Laboratory, BTRI, at 27°C to 30°C temperature and 70-80% relative humidity. 2.1 Test Plants The indigenous plants namely, Neem (Azadirachta indica), Mahagoni (Swietenia mahagoni), Karanja (Pongamia pinnata), Marigold (Tagetes sp.) and Chirota (Swertia chirayaita) were collected from the different locations of both Jahangirnagar University (JU) campus, Savar and Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI), Srimangal, Moulvibazar, Bangladesh. Details of the plants, their scientific names, family names and plant parts utilized in the experiment are given below (Table 1). 2.2 Preparation of Plant Cake Fresh leaves of Neem (Azadirachta indica), seeds of Mahagoni (Swietenia mahagoni), leaves and fruits of Karanja (Pongamia pinnata), leaves, flower and stem of Marigold (Tagete sp.) and leaves and stems of Chirota (Swertia chirayaita) were collected locally from nearby areas of Jahangirnagar University, Savar and BTRI main farm, Srimangal, Moulvibazar. Each plant material was dried under shade and powdered by using electric grinder and pass through a 20 mesh sieve and kept in a 1 kg capacity polypropylene bag. 500 g of each powdered plant material were dissolved in 1lit distilled water and kept it for 24 hrs. After 24hrs the water soaked powder was dried in sunlight for 1 hr to make cake form. 2.3 Pot Experiment The experiment was designed in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications at the Entomology Laboratory, BTRI in a pot experiment. Soils were collected from nematode cultured plots of Entomology Division. 5 kg of such soil was taken into 1 ft3 tin pot. Thereafter the tested plant cakes @ 50g/pot were mixed thoroughly with pot soils. All pots were kept moist by sprinkling tap water as when required. Untreated pot was considered as Control. Pretreatment was done by counting nematodes before application. Second round application of the treatments was done after 2 weeks of the 1st application. 2.4 Counting of Nematodes Soil samples were regularly collected randomly by inserting soil sampling auger in to the soil up to 0-9 (23cm) from the respective pot at weekly interval. Each sample was composite of 5 soil cores from each pot. Soil samples were analyzed in the Nematology Laboratory, Entomology Division for the counting of the nematodes. Extraction was done by Baermann Funnel Method with slight modification. Ten grams of soil sample were taken into 50 ml beaker and covered with muslin cloth and kept in the glass funnel (10 cm diameter) in reverse for overnight and nematodes were decanting and sieving into a slide. A rubber tube of 15 cm long was fitted with each stem of each funnel. The rubber tube was closed with a pinch clamp. Tap water was poured in to the funnel until the level is 2.5 cm below the funnel rim. The active nematodes moved through muslin cloth leaving the soil. They were concentrated at the bottom of the rubber tube. Nematodes were collected on a glass slide by releasing the pinch clamp along with a small quantity of water. Then nematodes were counted through Stereoscopic microscope. 2.5 Statistical Analysis The experimental data were statistically analyzed by Completely Randomized Design (factorial CRD) using MSTAT statistical software in a microcomputer. The results are expressed as Mean and data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA, with the level of significance set at P<0.05. The mean values adjusted by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

Source of Information: Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(5): 1428-1432 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Use of indigenous plant extracts i.e. botanicals is safe, cost effective and eco friendly control option under integrated pest management (IPM). Crude plant cakes of Marigold (Tagetes sp.), Karanja (Pongamia pinnata), Chirota (Swertia chirayaita), Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Mahagoni (Swietenia mahogani) can effectively be utilized beside the use of chemical nematicides as safer nematicidal products in integrated pest management of nematodes in tea in Bangladesh. Planters can use the products for the control of nematodes in the tea nursery. These plants are easily available in and surrounding the tea gardens and planters can prepare the plant cakes by easy methods. Previous works revealed that the effectiveness of chemical nematicides performs well than plant cakes. However, plant cakes are eco-friendly, safe and can be made with minimum cost. It may be recommended from the findings that Marigold cake can be used as soil treatments for the management of nematodes to get nematode free soil or safe soil with less nematode for establishing a tea nursery.

Knowledge Management: Journal