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Bau-str Dryer for Rough Rice Dying at Farmers and Small Trader’s Level in Bangladesh

Md. Ashraful Alam
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur

Chayan Kumer Saha
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md. Monjurul Alam
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Mohammad Rezaul Manir
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur

Md. Masud Rana
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur

Md. Mamunur Rashid
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Mechanical intervention in each stage of post-harvest rice processing is essential to reduce cost and minimize post-harvest loss. Drying is an important post-harvest operation for long term storage, maintaining rice quality and reducing postharvest loss. BAU-STR was tested at the Department of Farm Power & Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during Boro and Aman 2015 harvesting seasons to understand the effectiveness and potential of using at farmers’ level as an alternative to sun drying. The temperature profile of the dryer proved that hot air temperature uniformly distributed throughout the dryer, and also the rough rice dried uniformly and reached at desired level of moisture content within 4 to 5 hours. The moisture removal rate was 2.4 and 2.0 % hr^-1 during Boro and Aman season, respectively. The drying efficiency was found 55.3 and 48.6% during Boro and Aman season, respectively. The milling recovery was found more in BAU-STR (73.0±1.3%) compared to the sundried rough rice sample. Head rice yield was found 66.9% for BAU-STR and 63.9% for the sundry method. The germination rate was above 80% in both seasons for BAU-STR and sundried method. The drying cost of paddy was found Tk. 0.87 kg^-¹ and Tk. 0.74^-1 for diesel and electricity operated dryer, respectively. In terms, benefit-cost ratio and payback period BAU-STR dryer are recommended for drying of rough rice at the farm level.The dryer could be used successfully as cost saving and user friendly technology to eliminate drying problems in the rural area of Bangladesh.

Keywords: BAU-STR dryer, Drying rate, Drying efficiency, Rough rice

Location: Department of Farm Power & Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh

Start Date: 00-04-2015

End Date: 00-12-2015

Program Area: Farm Mechanization

Commodity: Drier

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to analyze technical and economic performance of BAU-STR dryer compared to open sun drying technique throughout Boro and Aman seasons in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Experimental site The performance evaluation of BAU-STR dryer was conducted at the workshop of Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh during Boro (April to June, 2015) and Aman (October to December, 2015) harvesting season to understand the effectiveness and potential of using at farmers’ level as an alternative to sun drying. Description of BAU-STR dryer This dryer consists of 2 perforated homocentric cylinders with grains within the circular area. Air is passed from the inner cylinder through walls with bottom and upper closed to dry the grains within the circular area. An axial flow blower is employed to suck the burning air from the stove (Chula) through hot air pipe and force the air radially through perforated inner cage. The dimension (0.40 m diameter x 1.14 m height) of inner bin was mounted and outer bin was adjusted in step with sample size. The blower (0.40 m x 0.40 m) was placed to suck hot air from heat supply and spending through the inner bin. A stove (0.36 m diameter×0.40 m length) was used as a heat supply. Domestically accessible rice husk block is employed as fuel in an exceedingly moveable domestically created stove. Experimental Set-up of the dryer Inner bin of dryer was placed in the level space of Farm Power and Machinery workshop, BAU at first. The outer grain bin was fixed around the inner bin as per required volume of grain. Then eight K type thermocouples were set up in different points of the dryer to get the temperature reading during drying operation in real time. The grains were delivered within the circular area of the dryer in such away so that equal quantity of rough rice contained altogether sides. The axial flow blower was placed on the top of the inner bin of the dryer and a hard polythene sheet was placed to protect hot air leaking from the dryer. A stove was placed in one aspect of the grain bin and firing was done exploitation rice husk block. Then the hot air supply channel was fixed with the help of bamboo stand which was tied by wire. Data analysis Moisture content of rough rice: The moisture content was measured from five locations of grain bin in BAU-STR dryer. The amount of water in rough rice is represented by the moisture content of the grain. Initially,moisture detached from grain interior to the grain surface then moisture vaporized from the surface to close air. Moisture content is usually expressed in percentage. Financial cost calculation procedure Financial cost calculation was done for BAU-STR dryer considering fixed cost and variable cost. Fixed costs are independent of use. Fixed costs include depreciation, interest on the machinery investment, taxes, insurance and shelter. On the other hand, operating cost of a dryer is reflected by the variable cost such as fuel, lubrication, daily service, power and labor used by the power source and the dryer. Benefit-cost ratio was also measured which refers the ratio of benefits to costs (expressed either in present or annual worth). The payback refers to the period within which the costs of investment can be covered by revenues. In other words, it is the length of time required for the stream of cash proceeds produced by an investment to equal the initial expenditure incurred.

Source of Information: J. Sci. Technol. Environ. Inform. 09(01): 629-638| Alamet al. (2020) EISSN: 2409-7632, Journal home:

Article Link (Online Journal): www.journalbinet.comCrossref: https://doi.org/10.18801/jstei.090120.64

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Spatial distribution of hot air temperature and moisture content reduction rate of grain indicated that blower equally delivers the burning air through the grain stack. Milling yield was found higher in BAU-STR dried sample than that of open sun drying samples due to the highest degree of hardness. The germination rate of the dried sample was found above 80%. BAU-STR dryer was cheap and profitable drying method compared to the traditional sun drying method.Mechanical intervention like BAU-STR dryer would be an effective drying technology alternative to traditional sun drying in terms of drying rate and drying efficiency. It could be used at small holder farmers and small trader’s level and can be used anytime, especially in the rainy season and cloudy weather to reduce post-harvest loss and maintain the quality of rough rice.

Knowledge Management: Journal