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The Role of Agriculture Education and Training on Agriculture Economics and National Development of Bangladesh

Gazi Mahabubul Alam
Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Kazi Enamul Hoque
Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Md. Taher Billal Khalifa
Faculty of Business and Accountancy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Saedah Binti Siraj
Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Muhammad Faizal Bin A. Ghani
Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

This article analyses the prevailing situations of the agricultural sector in Bangladesh using both secondary and primary data. Findings show that agriculture was the main economic sector with an employment of 95% of total population with a share of 78% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 1971. After the first few years of independence, education policy was concentrated for the development of agriculture education from secondary to tertiary level because government considered agriculture as potential to economy. Currently, 75% of the populations’ professions are agriculture industry and contribution towards GDP is only 22%. While the decline of employment is not notably dropped, contribution towards GDP shared by agriculture sector is dramatically descended. The article examined the probable underpinning reasons causing agriculture as a less productive industry. With many reasons, it is noted that education system is not currently supporting the development of agriculture industry. With narrations, this article proposes a policy change towards agriculture education aiming an improvement of agriculture economics of the country which ultimately will bring national development.

Keywords: Agriculture education, Agriculture economics, Education and development, National development, GDP sharing.

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Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Socio-economic and Policy

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

Outstanding researches in the area of agriculture and the employment of well trained human resources can provide a substantial productivity (Ashley and Maxwell, 2001). This will only be possible if a well-timed agriculture education is delivered targeting different groups and levels with a decent collaboration of education, training and agriculture policy of a country.

Methodology:

Agriculture was the main economic sector in Bangladesh employing 95% of total population with a share of 78% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 1971. Currently, 75% of the populations’ professions are agriculture or agro industry and contribution towards GDP is only 22%. While the declining of employment is not markedly dropped, contribution towards GDP shared by agriculture sector is dramatically descended. Bangladesh has become a salesmanship country that neither produces scientific products nor agricultural products in order to earn foreign currency with some exception of garments products forcing the country to depend on foreign aids. Once upon time, country’s foreign currency earning was dominated by the export of agricultural goods. These days, Bangladesh can not meet its own increasing food demand let alone exporting. There are many constraints (that is, political, natural calamity, people choice, ostensible modernization and globalization) that hinder the development of agriculture sector. However, lack of multi diversified quality agriculture education, training and research is graver concern than those. If the country continuously fails to ensure a greater GDP share through agriculture sec- tor, the life of majority of the population will remain be miserable with continuous deteriorating. Since 1950’s, a good number of research works in the context of sub-continent have been conducted to understand the role of agriculture on development and to discover the prospects and challenges with the offer of solution to address the constraints. A research is yet to be conducted to understand the role of education and training on agriculture development in Bangladesh thus this work is a new piece of work in its nature. Research aim and questions The aim of this study was to understand how agriculture education and training can contribute for development of Bangladesh through acceleration of agriculture economics. This study endeavored to find the answers of the following research questions. Answers of these research questions help to achieve the aim of this study. What was the scenario of agricultural sector earlier? What is the present scenario of agricultural sector? Why does this difference occur? What are the main constraints for the development of agriculture sector? What is the role of agriculture education and training for the development of the sector? How education can address the constraints experiencing at the sector? Before conclusion and suggestions made at final section, findings and discussions section will answer these research questions. Prior to these, the writing that follows respectively includes literature review and data used for this study.

Source of Information: African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 4 (12), pp. 1334-1350, December, 2009 Available online at ISSN 1991-637X

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR

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Achievement/Findings:

This concluding section tries to identify some key constraints experiencing within the education and training system in Bangladesh that impede the system function effectively. However, following suggestions are made bearing in mind that education and training system do not work at isolation; so problems experiencing with other sectors or overall politics and culture of the country may obstruct the proper implementation of the suggestions. Full or partial implementation of these suggestions will take a long way of agriculture education of the country. Suggestions will be made at next section for the development of agriculture education from primary education to higher education serially with highlighting the problems and problem solving.

Knowledge Management: Journal