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Effects of Sumithion on Histopathology of Liver and Kidney in Silver Barb, Barbonymus Gonionotus

MD. AL-EMRAN
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

SUMIYA FERDOUS TANU
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

MD. SHAHIDUR RAHMAN
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

MD. SHAHJAHAN
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Sumithion is an organophosphorous pesticide that has a negative impact on fish organ such as liver and kidney. This study was conducted to assess the effects of sumithion on histological changes in liver and kidney of silver barb (Barbonymus gonionitus). Four treatments such as To (control), T₁, T₂ and T₃, designated for 0.00, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 ppm of sumithion respectively with two replications for each were designed. Histopathological alterations in liver and kidney were found after 7, 15 and 30 days of exposure to sumithion. Hypertrophy of hepatocytes, mild to severe necrosis, ruptured central vein, necrosis, pyknosis, hemorrhage, irregular shaped nucleus, clear cell foci, nuclear degeneration and vacuolation were found in liver of fish exposed to 0.05 and 0.1 ppm sumithion for 15 and 30 days. Degeneration of kidney tubules, vacuolization, mild to severe necrosis, pyknosis, ruptured renal corpuscle, ruptured collecting duct and hemorrhage were also recorded in kidney. At the earlier stage of the experiment the cells of kidney and liver were compact but with the progress of the experimental period and increasing doses the cells became degenerated and intracellular space was increased. Severe changes were found at 0.1 ppm after 30 days of exposure in case of liver and kidney. The histopathological changes observed in the tissues of liver and kidney indicates that sub lethal concentrations of sumithion caused moderate to severe alterations in liver and kidney.

Keywords: Silver barb, Organophosphorus pesticide, Histopathology

Location: A fish farm named “Sagor Motsho Khamar”, Digharkanda, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Aquatic animal

Objectives:

To elucidate the toxic effect of sumithion at different concentration in aquaculture condition and improving guideline of sumithion use and management in agricultural lands for the farmers.

Methodology:

Experimental Animal and Culture facilities: Healthy and disease free B. gonionotus juveniles (average length and weight 5.00±0.34 cm and 11.0±0.5g, respectively) were collected from a fish farm named “Sagor Motsho Khamar”, Digharkanda, Mymensingh for the experiment. Fish were released in 4 ponds with 2 replicates at 40 fish/decimal, each pond having about 40m³ of water and reared for 30 days. Three different concentration of sumithion such as 0.025 mg/L, 0.05mg/L and 0.1 mg/L was used in three treatment T₁, T₂ and T₃ respectively and no sumithion was applied in treatment To (control). No supplemental feed were provided and the fish were solely depended on natural foods. Pesticide: Sumithion (50E/C) was collected from a local retail pesticide shop, Mymensingh. The experimental procedures followed the guidance approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. All the reagents including Haematoxylene-eosin were collected from local supplier. Experimental design: The experiment was conducted using three treatments and a control each with two replications. We used concentrations of sumithion such as 0.025mg/L as T₁, 0.05mg/L as T₂, and 0.1mg/L as T₃. Two ponds were under T₀ (control) having no pesticides. The ponds received water from a water-supply system of a deep-tube well and also from rain. Water volume (in m3) of the ponds was calculated and sumithion was applied in the ponds according to the water volume. Each pond having water volume of around 40.5 m³ and total amount of sumithion applied was 1.0, 2.40 and 4.40 ml in each pond of T₁, T₂and T₃ respectively. Histopathology of liver and kidney: The fish from both control and treated ponds were collected on prefixed sampling days and the liver and kidney were carefully collected by dissection and immediately kept in vials containing 10% formalin. Theformalin-fixed tissues were washed, processed, dehydrated in graded alcohol, cleared in benzene, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and counterstained with eosin. Changes in histopathology of kidney and liver were observed under a microscope photographed using digital photomicroscope (Olympus CX 41).

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Fish. (2018) 30(2) : 177-185

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Hepatocytes and other cells of the liver in control group (T₀) were found in normal and systematically arranged. Several changes, such as necrosis (N), degenerated hepatocytes (DH), vacuolation (V), clear cell foci (CCF), pyknotic nuclei (PN), nuclear degeneration (ND), irregular shaped nucleus (ISN), and hemorrhage (H) were found in the liver of the test fish in T₁, T₂ and T₃. Pyknosis and vacuole were observed at the dosage of 0.05 ppm at 7 days of exposure. ISN and cytoplasmic vacuolation (CV) were observed at the dosage of 0.05 ppm and 0.10 ppm at 15 days exposure. CCF, ND and PN were observed at the dosage of 0.025, 0.05 and 0.10 ppm at 30 days of exposure, respectively. The intensity of the histoarchitectural changes was more severe in higher doses and exposure time. The intensity of the histoarchitectural changes was more severe in higher dose and exposure time indicating that this pesticide has long term effects on fish body. The present study revealed that sumithion is toxic to fish and little amount of this pesticide can cause histological changes in liver and kidney of sarpunti (Barbonymus gonionotus). So indiscriminate use of pesticides should be stopped and the use of pesticides in agricultural lands and aquaculture ponds must be carefully evaluated and controlled for the benefit of fisheries and eventually for the welfare of human being.

Knowledge Management: Journal