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Suitability of Artificial Seawater and Brine Solution as Media for Culture of Giant Freshwater Prawn (macrobrachium Rosenbergii) Larvae

MOHAMMAD LOKMAN ALI
Department of Aquaculture Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted for a period of 42 days to evaluate the suitability of artificial seawater and brine as media for culture of giant freshwater prawn larvae. Prawn larvae were reared under three treatments with three replications. The treatments were: T₁- brine solution, T2-artificial seawater-1 (complex formula) and T₃-artificial seawater-2 (simple formula). The cost of 12 ppt brine water was 12US$/m3, artificial seawater-1 was 95US$/m3 and artificial seawater-2 was 71US$/m3. The survival rate of prawn larvae was 56.45%, 55.63% and 55.78% for T₁, T₂ and T₃respectively. There were no significant differences (p<0.05) among the survival rates and metamorphosis time of different treatments. The production cost in T₁ (US$8.97) was significantly lower (p<0.05) (1000PL) followed by T₂ (US$13.42) and T3 (US$11.53). The results of this study revealed that brine solution is the bestlarvae culture media for an inland prawn hatchery. Where brine solution is not available or costly, artificial seawater can be used for prawn PL production. In this case simple formula of artificial seawater is more suitable than complex formula due to low cost, well defined and easily replicated by farmers.

Keywords: Giant freshwater prawn, Artificial sea water, Brine solution, Larvae

Location: Jononi prawn hatchery of Bangladesh

Start Date: 28-04-2015

End Date: 08-06-2015

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Prawn

Objectives:

The main objective of this study was to assess the performance of the artificial seawater versus brine solution relative to culture duration, metamorphosis rate, and productivity in the freshwater prawn hatchery carried out in closed system.

Methodology:

Experimental design: This experiment was carried out at Jononi prawn hatchery of Bangladesh for a period of 42 days from 28 April to 8 June 2015 to evaluate the suitability of artificial sea water for the production of post larvae of freshwater prawn, M. rosenbergii. Nine 300 liter fiber glass tanks were used for this experiment. The experiment was designed with three treatments each with three replications. Three types of saline water were used in this experiments viz. brine solution- T₁, artificial seawater-1 (complex formula) - T₂ and artificial seawater-2 (simple formula) T₃. High cost artificial sea water was prepared by using complex formula according to Spotte (1979)and low cost artificial sea water was prepared by using simple formula according to New (2002). Preparation of brine solution: Brine (150 ppt) was collected from salt pans of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh and kept into a brine holding tank for storage. After settling down the brine solution was transferred into a water treatment tank (30 tons) and was mixed with freshwater to prepare 12 ppt saline water. The brackish water was bleached with 60% chlorinated bleaching powder at a dose of 12 ppm and aeration was performed for 24 hours and treated with 6 ppm sodium thiosulphate and air was blown for 24 hours to remove the chlorine. The supernatant clear water was then collected for rearing of larvae. Cost of 1 ton (1 m3)12 ppt brine water was 12 US$. Preparation of artificial seawater: Two types of artificial seawater were prepared by mixing the different ingredients in two cemented tanks. Cost of 1 ton (1 m3) 12 ppt artificial seawater-1 was 95 US$ and of artificial seawater-2 was 71 US$. Stocking of prawn larvae: Female prawns bearing gray colored egg were collected from Pyra river, Bangladesh and kept in fibre glass tank containing 6 ppt saline water. The prawn were treated with 30 ppm formalin for 10-15 min for minimizing any contamination. Air was blown in the hatching tank from the aerator. To obtain a larval batch with synchronized development, larvae from a single over night spawning were stocked randomly into each experimental larvae rearing tank at a density of 80 larvae/l (Pramanik and Haldar 1996). Egg custard was fed after 10 days in all the treatments until the end of the experiment together with Artemia to minimize the feeding cost. The ingredients of egg custard are given. The ingredients were mixed by a blender and baked for 30 min to make a cake. Then the egg custard was sieved through small meshed net and fed the larvae as shown. Water quality management and sampling: Physico-chemical parameters, such as water temperature (°C), dissolved oxygen (mg/L), pH, alkalinity (mg/L), ammonia nitrogen (mg/L), nitrite (mg/L), salinity (ppt) were recorded regularly throughout the study period. Larvae rearing tanks were siphoned to remove uneaten food and dirt in every morning and afternoon and 30% water was changed after every 3 days. Monitoring of larval growth and health: Larval health condition and pathogenic raid were checked every day at hatchery laboratory using microscope. The larvae were reared up to post larval (PL) stage. At the end of the experiment, the PL were collected and counted for survival rate as: Survival rate (%) = (No. of harvested PL) / (No. of stocked larvae) x 100. Statistical analysis: One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the treatment effects. Significant differences between treatments were determined by using Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Fish. (2019) 31(2) : 279-286

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The cost of brine solution will vary according to the distance between the hatchery and a source of brine water. So the cost of brine solution was very lower than the cost of artificial seawater. The cost of brine solution can be higher than the artificial seawater if the distance is very far due to high transportation cost. According to Mallas and Valenti (1998) the cost of natural seawater will vary according to the distance between the hatchery and a source, reaching approximately US$70.00/m3, US$ 130.00/m3 and US$200.00/m³ at 500, 1,000 and 1,500 km from the sea, respectively. Brine solution is the best larvae culture media for an inland hatchery if the location of the hatchery not very far from the brine source. Use of artificial seawater permits location of hatcheries in areas far away from the coast and close to grow out farms and consumer markets. These results will play an important role to establish prawn hatchery at inland areas and also contribute to an increase of commercial freshwater prawn culture. This result can be used in to produce prawn PL in inland area far from sea to mitigate the present PL crisis for prawn culture.

Knowledge Management: Journal