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Bioactive Potentials of Melia Azedarach L. with Special Reference to Insecticidal, Larvicidal and Insect Repellent Activities

S Sabiha
Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Hasan Ali
Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Kamrul Hasan
Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

ASMS Rahman
Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Nurul Islam
Professor, Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A lab experiment was conducted during June 2015 - Feb 2016 at the Crop protection & Toxicology Lab., University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh to evaluate the insecticidal, repellent and larvicidal efficacy of Petroleum ether (Pet. ether), CHCl3 and CH3OH extracts of the fruits and leaves of Melia azedarach against adults of Tribolium castaneum and larvae of. Tribolium adults exhibited mortality when exposed to all the doses of Pet. ether extracts of fruits and leaves whereas the CHCl3 and CH3OH extracts of the same didn’t show mortality at all. All extracts showed larvicidal activity by yielding different LC50 values in different time exposure. The Pet. ether extracts of fruit did not show repellent activity, while the Pet. ether extract of leaf showed repellent activity at 5% level of significance (P<0.05) and the CHCl3 and CH3OH extracts of both fruit and leaf offered repellent activity at 5% level of significance (P<0.05).

Keywords: Melia azedarach, Tribolium castaneum, Culex quinquefasciatus, Insecticidal, Larvicidal and Insect repellent activity

Location: JCrop protection & Toxicology Lab., University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-06-2015

End Date: 00-02-2016

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed)

Objectives:

This study also aimed at investigation of the larvicidal potential of the extracts to control the filarial vector, C. quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae).

Methodology:

Collection and preparation of test materials: The fruits and leaves of M. azedarach were collected from the village, Ranihati under Chapai Nawabganj District, Bangladesh. The collected plant parts were cut into small pieces and spread out to dry (under shade at room temperature) in separate trays. Well dried plant materials ground to coarse powder with an electric blender, weighted, kept in separate conical flasks and then extracted with sufficient amount of solvents (Pet. ether, CHCl₃ and CH₃OH) (200g × 600ml × 2 times) for 48h. Filtration was done by Whatman No. 40 filter paper and after evaporation residues (extracts) left were collected in glass vials and kept in a cool place with appropriate labeling. 2.2 Collection and culture of the test insect: The test insects T. castaneum of 3 to 5 days old used in this investigation were received from the sub cultures of the Crop Protection Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh and the culture of C. quinquefasciatus were maintained in the same laboratory throughout the experimental period for continuous supply of larvae. 2.3 Dose-mortality tests on T. castaneum: For dosemortality response of the beetles through surface film method doses for the fruit extract were 2.037, 1.783, 1.528 1.273 and 1.019mg cm^-2 and for the leaf extract were 1.783, 1.528, 1.273, 1.019 and 0.764mg cm^-2 selected by pilot experiments. Each of the doses were diluted in 1ml of solvent, poured into a Petri dish and allowed to dry. Ten adult beetles were released in each Petri dish. The whole experiment was set using all the doses for each of the extracts in 3 replicates; and was started observation to record mortality data from 0.5h and then 6h, 12h and by every 12h interval up to 72h. 2.4 Larvicidal activity test: The extracts of fruit and leaf were tested against the one day aged C. quinquefasciatus larvae throughout the lethality test. The doses were 600, 500, 400, 300 and 200ppm for the fruit (CHCl3) and leaf (Pet. ether and CH3OH) extracts; 500, 400, 300, 250, 200, 150 and 100ppm for the fruit (Pet. ether and CH₃OH) and 170, 150, 140, 130 and 110ppm for the leaf (CHCl₃) extracts were set through pilot experiments. Ten freshly emerged larvae were added to each of the test tubes with different concentrations mentioned above and observation of mortality was made after 6h of application with 6h interval up to 36h. 2.5 Statistical Analysis: The mortality records of the residual film experiments on T. castaneum adults and the lethality records on larvae were corrected by the Abbott’s formula [18] Pr = (Po - Pc / 100- Pc ) ×100 Where, Pr = Corrected mortality (%), Po= Observed mortality (%), Pc= Control mortality (%). The data were then subjected to probit analysis according to Finney and Busvine [19-20]. The dose-mortality relationship was expressed as a median lethal dose (LD50) for T. castaneum whereas lethality relationship as a median lethal concentration (LC50) for the mosquito larvae. 2.6 Repellent activity test against T. castaneum adults: The methodology for repellency test used in the experiment was adopted from the method (No. 3) of McDonald et al. with some modifications by Talukder and Howse. Half filter paper discs (Whatman No. 40, 9cm diam.) were treated with the selected doses of 0.314, 0.157, 0.079, 0.039 and 0.019mg cm-2 of all extracts and were then attached lengthwise, edgeto-edge, to a control half-disc with adhesive tape and placed in the Petri dishes. Ten adult insects were released in the middle of each of the filter paper circles. 2.7 Observation and analysis of repellency data: Each concentration was tested for five times. Insects that settled on each of the non-treated half of the filter paper discs were counted after 1h and then observed repeatedly at hourly intervals for five hours. The average of the counts was converted to percent repellency (PR) using the formula of Talukder and Howse: PR = (Nc – 5) 20, where, ‘c’ is the percentage of insects on the untreated half of the disc.

Source of Information: Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(5): 1799-1802

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings depicted in the present study approved the repellency, mortality and larvicidal activity of the extractives of M. azedarach leaf and fruit on T. castaneum adults and C. quinquefasciatus larvae. Pet. ether extracts of both the test parts exposed good activity against T. castaneum and on C. quinquefasciatus larvae. In case of the repellent activity test, except Pet. ether extract of fruits all the extracts showed significant repellency. So, no doubt this plant is a potential source of promising biologically active compounds, and thus further investigation should be attempted on this natural resource to ascertain the active ingredient(s) of their potentials until ensuring their use in the respective fields.

Knowledge Management: Journal