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Evaluation of Host Susceptibility, Oviposion and Colour Preference of the Peach Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Zonata (saunders) (diptera: Tephritidae)

Nusrat Hassan Kanika
South Point School and College, Dhaka, Bangladesh

M. Abdul Alim
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life and Earth Science, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritdae) is a serious polyphagous pest originated in the South and South-East Asia where it damages more than 50 host plants. The present study was conducted to determine the host susceptibility, oviposion and colour preference of B. zonata on different natural hosts under controlled laboratory condition. Ten different fruits viz. apple Malus pumila Miller., banana Musa balbisiana, grape Vitis vinifera L., guava Psidium guajava L., malta Citrus aurantium L., mango Mangifera indica L., orange Citrus sinensis L., papaya Carica papaya L., pear Pyrus pyrifolia Burm. and star fruit Averrhoa carambola L. were chosen as natural hosts for comparative susceptibility using choice and no-choice tests. The oviposition response of B. zonata was evaluated using artificial egging devices smeared with above mentioned hosts paste under choice test. Five different coloured, viz., green, red, sky blue, transparent and yellow egging devices smeared with mango paste were used for the colour preference test. Distinct host preference was recorded for B. zonata with more or less susceptibility among hosts tested except star fruit where no egg laying was recorded. Based on highest pupal yield (110.3±27.3), mango appeared as the most susceptible host for B. zonata in both the choice and no-choice tests. Significantly higher egg collection was recorded on pear (100±4.81) followed by mango (79.25±1.65) paste smeared egging receptacles. Sky blue colour egging device smeared with mango paste found as the most calling for ovipositon. The present experimental results provide basic information about the oviposition and colour preference of B. zonata which can be use to develop phytochemical baits to manage the pest species.

Keywords: Bactrocera zonata, Host, Oviposition, Colour, Preference

Location: Institute of Food and Radiation Biology (IFRB), Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Savar, Dhaka

Start Date: 00-00-2015

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Fly

Objectives:

To determine the host susceptibility/oviposition preference of B. zonata on different natural hosts in choice and to no-choice tests and understand the olfactory and visual stimuli of B. zonata using artificial and different coloured egging devices smeared with hosts paste under controlled laboratory condition.

Methodology:

Stock Rearing of Insect: Rearing of B. zonata was maintained in the laboratory of Insect Biotechnology Division (IBD), Institute of Food and Radiation Biology (IFRB), Atomic Energy Research Establishment (AERE), Savar, Dhaka for more than 10 generations. B. zonata infested mangoes were collected in 2015 from Chapainawabganj, Bangladesh. Approximately 2, 000 adult flies were maintained in mesh cages (60 x 60 x 60 cm) (Megaview ‘bugdorm’, Taiwan). The flies were supplied with protein based diets in the liquid form, i.e., baking yeast: sugar: water at 1:3:4 ratio and dry form, i.e., casein: yeast extract: sugar at 1:1:2 ratio. Water was supplied in a conical flask socked with a cotton ball. The temperature and the relative humidity of the rearing room maintained at 27±1°C and 75±5% and 14h light and 10h dark cycle. Production Choice Test: Fifty pairs of 16-21 day-old B. zonata were placed inside the mesh cage (60 x 60 x 60 cm). Each of the ten different fruits was weighed (50 g) and offered simultaneously for egg lying for 3 h (9 a.m.-12. p.m.). Fruits were then collected and each of them was kept in Petri-dish separately and kept on a layer of saw dust (Pupation media) inside a plastic bowl. Plastic bowls were covered with thin clothes for pupation and after 2 to 3 days plastics bowls were checked regularly for drop out the rotting host-juice from the Petri-dish to avoid the unnatural death of larvae. Pupae were collected on 7-10 days by sieving the sawdust. Total number of pupae produced from each host was counted and recorded separately. Non-Choice Test: The above mentioned ten different fruits (each weighted 50 g) were kept separately in ten different small cages (31x21x31cm) containing 15 pairs of adult B. zonata for 3 h for oviposition. Then same procedure was followed for pupal collection as described for the choice test. Oviposition Preference Test on Artificial Egging Device: Ten different natural hosts (apple, banana, grape, guava, malta, mango, orange, papaya, pear and star fruit) paste were used in the oviposition preference under choice test. Transparent plastic bottles (1.5 cm in diam.) having 30-40 holes (0.5 mm) smeared with each host paste was used as egging receptacle. These were finally put inside the cage (31x 21x 31cm) containing 50 pairs B. zonata by placing them on a large Petri dish (14.5 x 2.5 cm) in an alternate fashion for 3 hours. Then eggs from each egging receptacle were collected in water and counted under a stereomicroscope and recorded. Colour Preference Test: Five different colour viz., green, red, sky blue, transparent and yellow egging devices (4 cm in diam.) were used for egg collection.

Source of Information: Academic Journal of Entomology 12 (1): 01-08, 2019 ISSN 1995-8994

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.5829/idosi.aje.2019.01.08

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, the present study revealed mango as the most susceptible host for B. zonata in terms of pupual production and oviposition preference tests. Egg production recorded neither on star fruit nor star fruit paste smeared egging device under laboratory condition. B. zonata was highly damaged to sky blue colour egging device and least to green one while smeared with mango paste. Future chemical analysis of most preferred host (Mango) may lead to development of synthetic oviposition stimulant for artificial egg collection. It might also be useful in developing phytochemical bait to use in ‘call and kill’ technique to combat against this pestiferous fruit fly.

Knowledge Management: Journal