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Farmers’ Extent of Adaptation Strategies Towards Salinity Effects in Agriculture

Md. Arifur Rahman Peal
Dept. of Agricultural Extension and Information System, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

Muhammad Humayun Kabir
Dept. of Agricultural Extension and Information System, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

Mohummed Shofi Ullah Mazumder
Dept. of Agricultural Extension and Information System, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka

Prome Debnath
Dept. of Disaster Risk Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali

Avijit Biswas
Dept. of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibar Rahman Science and Technology University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Climate change has emerged as one of the greatest environmental challenges facing the world today. Salinity intrusion in soil is one of the major concerns of climate change, which mainly caused due to cyclone and sea level rise. Salinity influences unfavorable environment and hydrological situations that directly restrict the normal crop production and indirectly fall affects income which leads poor socio-economic status. The study was about extent of adaptation strategies of farmers’ who were struggling to adapt salinity effects in agriculture day by day. The purpose of the study was to describe the socio-economic profile of the salinity affected farmers in the study area; to determine farmers’ extent of adaptation strategies towards salinity effects in agriculture and to explore contributing relationship between the selected characteristics of the salinity affected farmers and their extent of adaptation strategies towards salinity effects in agriculture. The study was undertaken purposively in Kalapara upazila under Patuakhali district of Bangladesh. Validated and well-structured interview schedule (questionnaire) was used to collect data from 131 farmers. The findings showed that majority of the farmers (48.1 percent) had medium level adaptation towards salinity effects in agriculture. The results also showed that farmers’ age (.001**), educational background (.039*), farming experience (.033*), agricultural extension contact (.007**) and farmer’s category (.000**) were significant factors for farmers’ extent of adaptation strategies towards salinity effects in agriculture; and within this, age, agricultural extension contact and farmer’s category were the most significant contributing factors. It is concluded that, the study area’s farmers had an opportunity to enhance their knowledge through proper school or mass education that made them enthusiastic and interested to take risk and motivated them to come out from traditional practices in agriculture and using innovative adaptive strategies to cope with salinity effect on the agriculture sector.

Keywords: Agriculture, Farmers, Salinity, Adaptation, Climate Change

Location: Kalapara upazila under Patuakali District.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Soil salinity

Objectives:

The following specific objectives:

a. to define socio-economic status of the salinity affected farmers;

b. To explain the extent of farmers’ towards adaptation strategies against salinity effects in agriculture; and

c. To explore the contributing relationship between the selected characteristics of salinity affected farmers and their extent of adaptation strategies towards salinity effects in agriculture.

Methodology:

The study was conducted purposively in selected areas of Kalapara upazila under Patuakali District. There are 12 unions among those two unions namely Latachapli and Dhulasor were also purposively selected which is severely affected by salinity; again two villages namely Khajura and Noyapara from Latachapli union, and Anantopara and West Dhulasor from Dhulasor union were selected randomly as the locale of the study. According to the help of Upazila Agriculture Officer, Local leaders and concerned Sub-Assistant Agriculture Officer (SAAO) was collected an updated list of farmers of the selected villages. The farmers of the selected four villages constituted the population of the study. The dependent variable of the study was farmers’ extent of adaptation strategies towards salinity effects in agriculture. The variable was measured on the basis of 10(ten) adaptation strategies followed against salinity effects in agriculture by the farmers. The strategies are: 1. Cultivating short duration crops, 2. Practicing crop diversification, 3. Homestead cultivation, 4. Practicing intercropping, 5. Use of saline tolerant varieties, 6. Zero tillage, 7. Mulching, 8. Alternative irrigation system, 9. Reducing salinity by organic or chemical method, 10. Making embankment around land to control saline water intrusion Adaptation score was made in percentage based on her/his response (yes/no)against each strategy. Score one (01) was given to ‘yes’ and zero (0) was given to ‘no’ response. In this study Ten (10) strategies were selected by pre survey technique and if one respondent follow or adapt 1 (one) strategies in her/his farm level activities then her/his adaptation score would be; 1/10 x 100 = 10%. A well-structured interview schedule (Questionnaire) was developed based on the objectives of the study for collecting information. The schedule contained direct and simple with open form and closed form questions. The interview schedule was pre-tested with 20 farmers by the researcher. The pre-test facilitated the researcher to identify faulty and unnecessary questions in the draft schedule and hence, necessary additions, corrections and modifications were made in the schedule on the basis of the pretest results. Data collected from the respondents were coded, compiled, tabulated, and analyzed in accordance with the objectives of the study. Qualitative data were converted into quantitative form by assigning suitable score whenever needed. The biasness of usage or uniformity of interview was prohibited. The statistical measures such as range, means, standard deviation, number and percentage distribution were used to describe the variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was done for explore contributing relationship between variables. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 24 was used for analysis of data. Throughout the study P<0.05 as 95% of probability was used as a basis for rejecting or accepting the null hypothesis.

Source of Information: J. Sci. Technol. Environ. Inform. 09(01): 618-628 | (2020)

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.18801/jstei.090120.63

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study revealed that most of the farmers of this area are middle aged and they had medium farming experience. But most of them were primary level educated and very low training experience, so that they were very laggard in farming innovativeness and their level of adaptation was medium. The study also explored that age, educational background, farming experience, agricultural extension contact and farmer’s category based on innovativeness of farmers had significant contribution on Farmers’ extent of adaptation strategies towards salinity effects in agriculture. Among them age, education, agricultural extension contact and farmer’s innovativeness were positive contributor and farming experience was negative contributor on farmer’s extent of adaptation strategies towards salinity effects in agriculture. Majority of the farmers of the study area were found to have medium level adaptation strategies towards salinity effects in agriculture. As salinity is an alarming problem in coastal agriculture so that adaptation towards salinity effects in agriculture, farmers need to be motivated towards adaptation in an appropriate way. Experts GO and NGO representatives in collaboration with the farmers can play a key role in this regard and their knowledge and communication exposure should be improved through individual and group discussions. Beside more Agricultural extension contact increases farmers’ diversified knowledge and make them able to cope with adverse situations. So, policies should be taken to engage farmer’s with diversified extension media to broaden their outlook and to develop positive attitude on their adaptation.

Knowledge Management: Journal