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Development of Mixed Fertilizer Deep Placement Technology Into Soil Simultaneously with Mechanical Rice Seedling Transplanting

Hossen, M. A.
Farm Machinery and Post-harvest Technology (FMPHT) Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur-1710

Bhuiyan, M. G. K.
Farm Machinery and Post-harvest Technology (FMPHT) Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur-1710

Rahman, M. M.
PIU, NATP, Phase-2, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC), Farmgate, Dhaka Bangladesh.

Zaman M. K.
Farm Machinery and Post-harvest Technology (FMPHT) Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur-1710

Islam M. M.
Farm Machinery and Post-harvest Technology (FMPHT) Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur-1710

Rahman M. A.
Farm Machinery and Post-harvest Technology (FMPHT) Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur-1710

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A mixed fertilizer deep placement technology was designed and incorporated in the walking type rice transplanter (ARP-4UM) to place fertilizers into the soil (non-oxidized zone) and evaluated in the irrigated dry season (Boro) 2018-19 and the non-irrigated wet season (Aman) 2019 season. A spiral screw was used in the fertilizer chamber as a metering device to receive and dispense the desired amount of fertilizer during field operation. Engine power of the rice transplanter(1800 rpm) was conveyed to the metering device of the applicator with the arrangement of a belt-pulley, worm gearing, shaft-bearing, universal joint and bevel gear with engage-disengage facility resulting 23 rpm of the metering device of the applicator. Spiral screw type metering device was connected with the main shaft of the applicator to collect mixed fertilizer from hopper and dispense to the output channel of the applicator at a desired rate based on variety and seasons. A measuring scale mentioning 1 to 8 numbers was used for ease of fertilizer rate control. Fertilizer dispensing rate increased with the increase of number of the lever position. Developed rice transplanter cum mixed fertilizer applicator (RTFA) was evaluated in the laboratory, soil bin, research field and farmer’s field also. In the lab test, it was found that fertilizer control lever can control fertilizer dispensing rate according to the pre-calibration. In the soil bin test, it was observed that mixture fertilizer dispensed uniformly in the furrow and covered effectively. Agitator, which was used in the fertilizer hopper, rotated smoothly to prevent the bonding or clogging of mixed fertilizer during dispensing in operation. Power transmission from engine to the metering device of the applicator through different stages was also found smooth, safe and heavy duty. In Aman 2019 season, the developed walking type rice transplanter was evaluated in 07 different locations of the country while it was evaluated in 02 locations during Boro 2018-19 season. In Boro 2018-19 season, average dispensing rate of fertilizer in lever position 4 was calibrated 67.94 g/rotation of the rice transplanter driving wheels based on recommended dose of fertilizer while average deviation of fertilizer dispensing rate was about +3.72% due to clogging of the dispensing channel of the transplanter during operation. In an average of two trials, theoretical and actual field capacity and field efficiency of the RTFA was found 0.20 ha/h, 0.0.12 ha/h and 58.95% while it was 0.20 ha/h, 0.13 ha/h and 64.10% of the rice transplanter without fertilizer deep placement mechanism respectively. During field trials in Aman 2019 season, average dispensing rate of fertilizer in lever position 3 was calibrated 37.8 g/rotation of the rice transplanter driving wheels based on recommended dose of fertilizer while average deviation of fertilizer dispensing rate was about -4.86% due to slippage of the wheels during operation. In an average of seven trials, theoretical and actual field capacity and field efficiency of the RTFA was found 0.19 ha/h, 0.23 ha/h and 82.2% while it was 0.21 ha/h, 0.26 ha/h and 80.3% of the rice transplanter without fertilizer deep placement mechanism respectively.

Keywords: Power transmission, Calibration, Mechanized transplanting., Mixed Fertilizer, Rice

Location: Kushtia, Habiganj, Sadar, Rangpur; Sadar, Gazipur; Mirpur, Kushtia, Kumarkhali, Kushtia; Purbadhala, Netrakona; Shaistaganj and Habiganj

Start Date: 00-00-2018

End Date: 00-00-2019

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer

Objectives:

1. To attach the fertilizer deep placement technology (suitable for either urea alone or combination of urea, TSP, MoP and Gypsum together);

2. To the prevailing mechanical rice transplanter (both the walking and riding) without sacrificing the merit of transplanting;

3. To confirm both the mechanized rice transplanting and mixed fertilizer deep placement simultaneously.

Methodology:

Mixed fertilizer deep placement technology added with the walking type rice transplanter (Model: ARP4 UM, South Korea). Power transmission from engine to the applicator, fertilizer dispensing mechanism including spiral screw type metering device, frame, skid, fertilizer hopper, agitator for continuous mixing of the mixed fertilizer, furrow opener in between consecutive lines of transplanted rice seedling and furrow closer incorporated to the rice transplanter using locally available materials. The fertilizer dispensing and cover mechanism incorporated in such a way that the farmers can use the technology with the mixed fertilizer deep placement mechanism or without the mixed fertilizer deep placement mechanism. Single or mixed fertilizer can be applied during operation with pre-calibration. Location of the study: Mixed fertilizer deep placement mechanism was designed, fabricated and modified in the Farm Machinery and Post-harvest Technology divisional research workshop of BRRI to incorporate with the walking type rice transplanter (RT). Developed technology was evaluated in the divisional soil bin, BRRI research farm and different project locations of the country. In Boro 2018-19 season, developed technology was evaluated at Kushtia and Habiganj, respectively whereas it was evaluated at Sadar, Rangpur; Sadar, Gazipur; Mirpur, Kushtia, Kumarkhali, Kushtia; Purbadhala, Netrakona; Shaistaganj, Habiganj in Aman 2019 season. Design considerations: Mixed fertilizer deep placement (FDP) should be done into soil in between two rows and before the rotary picker of the transplanter, Existing power of the RT should be used to operate the FDP technology, Depth placement of mixed fertilizer should be done in between 80 to 100 mm, Uniformity of fertilizer dispensing should be maintained during operation, Power transmission system should be simple to engage and disengage facility, Locally available and low cost materials should be used to minimize the fabrication cost. Design steps: Engine power transmitted using belt-pulley arrangement with tension pulley to transmit power from the engine shaft to an additional shaft attached in the same axis with engage and disengage facility. A simple gearbox including single start worm gearing was designed and attached to the rice transplanter to reduce rpm at the ratio of 20:1. A pair of bevel gear was attached in the applicator shaft to change the rotational direction at 900 at the ratio of 1:1. Spiral type fertilizer metering device was designed and attached in front of mat type rice seedling holding tray of the RT to collect and dispense fertilizer at desired rate. Skid in between two rotary pickers was attached with a variable depth control mechanism to place the dispensed fertilizer in the furrow and covered properly, All components of the mixed fertilizer deep placement mechanism were fabricated and attached in the transplanter as per design. Data will be analyzed as a single factorial design according to Gomez and Gomez (1984) using Statistics 10 program (Statistics 10 software, 2013). Means will be compared with the least significant difference (LSD) test. Simple correlation analysis will be carried out with Excel 2010 to determine the relationship of the machine performance.

Source of Information: J. Sci. Technol. Environ. Inform. | Volume 09, Issue 02, 649-664 | June 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): https://doi.org/10.18801/jstei.090220.66

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Mechanical rice transplanter is a promising technology considering the present labor crisis in Bangladesh. Mixed fertilizer deep placement technology successfully incorporated with the walking type rice transplanter with proper design and found suitable in operation under laboratory, research field and farmers’ field condition. Farmers would be able to place mixed fertilizer into soil at desired depth along with mechanized transplanting.

Knowledge Management: Journal