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Management of Aphid and Pod Borer of Country Bean Using Bio-rational Pesticides

MW Nur
Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

MRU Miah*
Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of some bio-rational pesticides, such as Biskatali and Neem leaf extracts, Tracer 45SC (Spinosad), Protect 5SG (Emamectin benzoate), Trix (liquid detergent), Neem and Mahogany oils against aphid and pod borer damaging country bean. Among the treatments, Tracer 45SC, Protect 5SG and Neem oil exerted the lowest aphid population and the lowest flower infestation at early, mid and late fruiting stages. Tracer 45SC, Protect 5SG and Neem oil revealed significantly lower levels of pod infestation compared to other treatments. Tracer 45SC, Protect 5SG and Neem oil also resulted significantly higher marketable yield than that of the control. The economic analysis of the treatments showed that the highest marginal benefit cost ratio was obtained from Tracer 45SC which was closely followed by Neem oil and Protect 5SG.

Keywords: Plant extract, Oil, Emamectin benzoate, Spinosad, Lablab purpureus

Location: Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur

Start Date: 00-10-2016

End Date: 00-03-2017

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Insects, Pesticide

Objectives:

The study was conducted to find out the effective bio-rational approaches for management of these insect pests of country bean.

Methodology:

The study was carried out in the experimental field of the Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh during October 2016 to March 2017. The study site is situated at 24.12 N and 90.31 E with an elevation of 8.3 meter from the sea level. Experimental design and cultivation of bean plants: The experimental field was divided into 24 equal plots (3m × 2m) with plot to plot distance of 0.5 m and block to block distance of 1.0 m. The experiment was set up in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications of each treatment. The whole area of experimental field was divided into three blocks and each block was again divided into eight unit plots. The seeds of IPSA Seem-2 were collected from the Department of Horticulture, BSMRAU. Seedlings were raised in polyethylene bags. Twenty days old seedlings were transplanted in the experimental plots on November 12, 2017. Each plot contained only one row with 5 pits (60 cm distance from pit to pit). Fertilizers were applied according to the fertilizer recommendation guide (FRG 2018) and intercultural operations were done whenever necessary. Propping of each plant by bamboo sticks was done to facilitate creeping of the vine properly and to avoid their lodging. Application of bio-rational pesticides: Seven biorational pesticide treatments were applied in the experimental field along with untreated plots (control). At the advent of the incidence of aphid, each treatment was applied in three plots and repeated six times at an interval of 7 days. The experimental treatments were Bishkatali and Neem leaf extracts, Tracer 45 SC (Spinosad), Protect 5SG (Emamectin benzoate), Trix (liquid detergent), neem and Mahogany oil, and control. Bishkatali and Neem leaf extracts were applied with concentration of 50ml/L water. Tracer 45 SC, Protect 5SG and Trix were applied with concentrations of 0.4ml, 2g/L and 20 ml/L water, respectively. Neem and Mahogany oils were applied with concentration of 5ml/L water. The treatments were applied with a hand sprayer. Bishkatali and Neem leaf extracts were prepared according to the method of Ahmed et al. (2019). Neem and Mahogany oils were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur. Observation of the abundance of aphid: To find out the significant reductions of aphid population with treatments and time, the abundance of aphid on the inflorescence was counted at 24, 48, and 72 h after first spray. The topmost inflorescence from the third plant of each row was used for counting the aphid abundance. The total number of bloomed flowers and the number of infested flowers of the topmost inflorescence from the third plant of each row were counted to calculate the flower infestation level. For this purpose, data were collected 72 h after the second (early blooming), fourth (mid-blooming), and sixth (late blooming) sprays. Three plants per treatment were evaluated for each observation. Assessment of pod borer infestation: The experimental field was monitored daily to observe the infestation of pod borer. The damaged and undamaged pods were harvested ten times of which first three were considered as early fruiting stage, next four as mid fruiting stage and last three as late fruiting stage. At every harvest the number of infested pod in each treatment was calculated in to percentage. Measurement of pod size and weight: The marketable mature pods (both fresh and infested) were harvested periodically. At the first harvest, 20 pods per treatment were randomly selected and their individual lengths and widths were measured using a millimeter scale, and the weights were taken using a digital balance (AG204, Mettler Toledo, Switzerland). Estimation of pod yield and economic analysis: At every harvest, the plucked pods of each treatment were separated into marketable and infested categories and their weights were measured. The yield of each plot was converted into kg ha-1. The economic analysis and marginal benefit-cost ratio (MBCR) were calculated based on the total expenditure for each treatment and the total return per hectare. The total expenditure for a treatment indicates the costs for labor and inputs. The gross return of a treatment is the total price obtained from the total yield of the treatment. The net return was calculated by subtracting the expenditure of a treatment from its gross return. The adjusted net return of each treatment was calculated by subtracting the net return of the control from the net return of the treatments. The MBCR is the result of the adjusted net return of a treatment divided by the total expenditure of the same treatment. Data analysis: One-way analysis of variance followed by LSD was used for analyzing data.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Ecol. (2020) 2 (1) : 1-5

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The tested bio-rational pesticides significantly reduced the abundance and infestation of aphid and pod borer in field condition and resulted higher yield of country bean. However, the approaches are slightly expensive but exerted higher marginal benefit-cost ratio. These environment friendly management tactics may be incorporated in the integrated management program of aphid and pod borer in bean fields.

Knowledge Management: Journal