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Management of the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium Castaneum (herbst.) (coleoptera: Tenebrinionidae) in Stored Wheat Using Dry Dust of Neem (azadirachta Indica) and Jarul (lagerstroemia Speciosa) as Repellants

Shakera Tun Noor Nova
Department of Zoology, Entomology Laboratory, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Jhuma Mahboba
Department of Zoology, Entomology Laboratory, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Md. Abdul Alim
Department of Zoology, Entomology Laboratory, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Biplab Kumar Mandal
Department of Zoology, Entomology Laboratory, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The responses of adult Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) to the dry leaf dust of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Jarul (Lagerstroemia speciosa) in wheat as repellants were observed. The research was carried out from January to October 2013, in the laboratory condition at the Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Three different doses viz. 0.1gm, 0.2gm and 0.3gm of dry leaf dust of two plants- A. indica and L. speciosa and a mixed dust of the two at 1:4 (w/w) ratio were used against 10 adult pests living in 20gm of wheat, and the number of repelled insects were checked after 48 to 72 hours. For the whole study, 105 such experiments were performed and a group of 5 experiments were taken into count as a single replication. Dust of Jarul leaves (0.3gm) was the most effective repellant against the red flour beetles, followed by Neem (0.3gm), Jarul (0.2gm) and mixed application (0.3gm). The highest of 34.5% repellency was recorded; significant variations were found in the percentage of repelled insects between almost all possible doses, and different doses with controls. Though higher doses showed better repellency, huge research is needed to know whether a higher dose could make harm to the food value of the corns or not; before prescribing them against red flour beetles for storage management of wheat.

Keywords: Red flour beetle, Jarul, Neem, Repellant

Location: Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2013

End Date: 00-10-2013

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Beetle

Objectives:

The present research experiments were carried out to determine the rate at which the used dust could repel the test insect pest, from stored wheat; to find out the percentage of organisms repelled for each of the doses of the different dust; to determine most effective dust and the doses; and, to determine the repellent efficiency among them.

Methodology:

The whole grains of wheat, containing the adult red flour beetle, T. castaneum were collected from the flour mills at Savar Bazar, Dhaka. Approximately, 10 kg of infected wheat were collected were a huge number of adult T. castaneum were living and multiplying. The total collected infected wheat, as well as the insects, were kept in a plastic container, and proper humidity was provided during the experiments. Not much aid was required to keep the rearing environment sound, and naturally, it was seen that the insects were growing in number over time. Fresh and mature leaves of Jarul (L. speciosa) and Neem (A. indica) were collected. The collected leaves were meshed by using a grinder to its possible finest condition. Then the meshed leaves were dried in the sunlight to get a powdery appearance of the leaves; thus, dust was stored in a dry container. A mixture of Jarul (L. speciosa) and Neem (A. indica) dust was also prepared at 1: 4 w/w ratios for the experiment. The samples of fresh wheat were collected from the farmers during the time of harvest. No demarcation of wheat variety was maintained. The seeds were dried and made free from any unwanted organism or particles such as hays, etc. Then this collected wheat was made more susceptible to the insect (T. castaneum) by threshing lightly under thresher, in such a way that at least 20-25% of the total grains were broken into segments and inner carbohydrate-containing parts were exposed. During each experiment, 20 gm of wheat was taken either on open petri dishes or plastic cups for treatment. For maintaining a comfortable humidity to the insect pests, a small piece of wet cotton was kept under the wheat. Four cups were taken and were treated either by the dust of neem, jarul or the mixture (Neem: Jarul:: 1: 4 w/w) of them. At each set of experiment, three cups were used for leaf dust application and a single cup of wheat was left untreated (control). In every cup/petri dish, 10 adult T. castaneum were released. An iron cage covered by finest cotton-net was used in which the experiments were carried out so that no insect can escape from the cage, after being repelled from cups. Three different doses (0.3gm, 0.2gm, 0.1gm) of particular dust was applied to different cups and mixed gently with the wheat. Every cup/ petri dish was checked after 48 hours, for the existing and dead insect. Data was recorded on available insects within the cups or plates. Some insects were found repelled from dust-treated cups. And significantly, at the end of each experiment, some insects were almost always found in the control cups, where no potential repellant was added. Nevertheless, they were repelled from other cups treated by leaf dust. Five repetition of an experiment were considered yielding a single result. Data was summarized, compared and their mean, standard deviations were noted. Effects of different doses were checked using ANOVA and t-tests, using MS-Excel software.

Source of Information: Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2020; 8(3): 1993-2000 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800

Article Link (Online Journal): http://www.entomoljournal.com

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The battle between human and the stored grain pests is the epic of the evolutionary history, as every organism is possessive to keep his food particle from the competitors. Many a methods has been developed and so far, mankind is eligible enough to protect their food stuffs from different kinds of pests. Now, the challenge is, keeping the grains safe along with the feasibility, efficiency, competency in terms of cost and above all, executing it in the most green and non-chemical ways. Our findings can will help to think people in this directions, we hope. And, one day, of course some of the researchers will figure out the best possible and sustainable storage techniques for our food grains so that mankind can have some stored grains during the time of recession and famine.

Knowledge Management: Journal