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Impact of Sucrose in Adult Diet on Survivorship of Males of Bactrocera Tau (diptera: Tephritidae)

Tahera Hossain
Radiation Entomology and Acarology Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Farzana Yesmin
Radiation Entomology and Acarology Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

ATM Fayezul Islam
Radiation Entomology and Acarology Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera tau, is a key pest in pumpkin orchards, causing serious economic damage. Impact of sucrose and protein on survivorship of adult males of Bactrocera tau has been studied in the present study. Flies fed optimal diet (Sucrose and Protein in 3:1 ratio), and only sugar from the day of eclosion demonstrated mortality of only 7.33% and 1.33% respectively in 4 days. However, flies fed only protein, and starved from the day of eclosion showed mortality of 100% and 99.6% respectively in the same time period. At the same time, change of dietary habit of flies from optimal diet to protein as well as optimal diet to no food on 7th and 11th day resulted no survivorship, or 100% mortality, for both cases in 4 days. Number of adult flies died for the change of optimal diet to sugar on 7th day and 11th day in the study period was insignificant. Study demonstrated the absolute requirement of carbohydrate in the adult diet, and insignificant capability of conversion of lipids to metabolic energy.

Keywords: Bactrocera tau, Diet, Survivorship

Location: Radiation Entomology & Acarolgy Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar

Start Date: 00-12-2018

End Date: 00-04-2019

Program Area: Pest Management

Non-commodity: Performance

Objectives:

This study is the second experiment in our laboratory on justification of the absolute requirement of carbohydrate for survival of fruit flies.

Methodology:

The experiment on survivorship of B. tau were carried out at the laboratory of Radiation Entomology & Acarolgy Division, Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Savar, from December 2018 to April 2019. Mortality of flies after feeding only protein or sugar or no food, or after switching from one diet to another, was studied in the present study. Flies were either provided with optimal diet (Sugar and Yeast in 3:1 ratio) or protein or sugar or no food (only water) from the day of eclosion or switched from the optimal diet to only protein or sugar, or no food on 7th and 11th day. B. tau flies were cultured in 12cm×10cm×8cm steel frame cages covered with nylon net and maintained at 25±3⁰ C temperature, 60-65% humidity and 12:12 L:D at the laboratory. The experiment was conducted with randomly selected 100 adult flies emerged in the laboratory stock. A 50 ml conical beaker full of water and soaked cotton was provided to supply continuous water and to maintain moisture content inside the cages. Protein was supplied in cake form. The residual diets were replaced by fresh diets in every two days interval. The optimal diet was applied as the standard diet. Mortality rate of flies were recorded each 24 hours from where survivorship was calculated. After emergence, a certain amount of optimal diet, sugar, and protein were served as food source for each 100 flies in separate petri dishes, and the effects of these diets on survivorship of male flies were counted. Separate experiments were also conducted in which we maintained male flies on the optimal diet after eclosion and then switched to sugar or protein or no food (only water) diets on 7 th day and 11th day for several days, to know the effect on survivorship for each dietary change. In each case, survivorship of flies was counted to compare with survivorship on optimal diet. Statistical analysis of the study was performed by ANOVA.

Source of Information: International Journal of Entomology Research Volume 4; Issue 3; May 2019; Page No. 45-48 ISSN: 2455-4758

Article Link (Online Journal): www.entomologyjournals.com

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

At the same time the absolute requirement of carbohydrate and inability to live with metabolic energy of protein indicated the physiological adaptation of flies to the environment. Indeed, protein dietary supplements have been shown to have positive effects on ovarian maturation and fecundity of Tephritidae indicating that dietary protein is a critical component for reproductive success for egg production. Thus, a physiological strategy have probably been developed in flies in which they utilize the most available food source, sugar, to ensure survival, and take advantage of limited protein resources when available to achieve sexual maturity. The findings in B. tau experiment in the present study have good agreement with that in Anastrepha suspensa as well as B. cucurbitae.

Knowledge Management: Journal