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An Epidemiological Survey on Investigation of Tick Infestation in Cattle at Chittagong District, Bangladesh

M. H. B. Kabir
Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Bangladesh.

M. M. H. Mondal
Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.

M. Eliyas
Department of Anatomy and Histology, CVASU, Bangladesh

M. A. Mannan
Department of Anatomy and Histology, CVASU, Bangladesh

M. A. Hashem4*
District Livestock Office, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

N. C. Debnath
Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Bangladesh.

O. F. Miazi
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Bangladesh

C. Mohiuddin
Chittagong City Corporation, Chittagong, Bangladesh

M. A. Kashem
Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Bangladesh.

M. R. Islam
Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, CVASU, Bangladesh.

M. F. Elahi
Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, CVASU, Bangladesh.

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Epidemiology of tick infestations was studied in cattle at different upazila of Chittagong District from November, 2008 to May, 2009 to know the prevalence of ticks in relation to age, sex, breed, management of cattle, seasons of the year, topography of the area and different body parts of the host. A total number of 380 cattle were examined, of which 138 (36.31%) cattle were found infested. Three species of ticks were identified namely Boophilus microplus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Haemaphysalis bispinosa. The range of tick burden was 1 to 7 per four square inch of heavily infested area of Chittagong District. Mean tick burden was also high in case of B. microplus (2.77 ± 0.18) followed by H. bispinosa (1.03 ± 0.12) and R. sanguineus (0.83 ± 0.10). Prevalence was significantly (p<0.01) higher in cattle of 1.5 years of age (46.28%) than in cattle of >1.5 years of age (27.80%). Infestation of tick was significantly higher (p<0.01) in female (59.37%) than the male (35.83%) cattle. Tick infestation was more prevalent in local (43.82%) cattle than the cross-bred (24.13%) cattle. Field grazing (41.96%) cattle were more susceptible (p<0.01) to tick infestation than the stall-feeding (24.8%) animals. Prevalence of tick infestation was significantly (p<0.01) higher in summer (41.66%) season followed by winter (31.5%) season. Ticks were widely distributed in different parts of the host body such as ear, neck, tail, mammary gland, udder, groin and perianal region of which groin (48.75%) was most affected parts of animal body and face and neck (30%) was the least. Prevalence of tick infestation was significantly (p<0.01) higher in hilly area (44.44%) followed by plain area (30.27%). It is concluded that B. microplus is the main tick species identified and threatening to the cattle population in Chittagong District irrespective of age, sex, breed of the animal, seasons of the year and topography of the study area.

Keywords: Epidemiology, Prevalence, Survey, Infestation, Cattle, Tick.

Location: Different upazila of Chittagong District

Start Date: 00-11-2008

End Date: 00-05-2009

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to know the prevalence of ticks in relation to age, sex, breed, management of cattle, seasons of the year, topography of the area.

Methodology:

Study area and duration The survey were conducted on two seasons such as winter (November, 2008 to February, 2009) and summer (March to May, 2009) season at some selected upazila in Chittagong District. Selection of animals Three hundred and eighty cattle were selected randomly on the basis of sex, age, breed (local and cross-bred) and feeding (stall-fed and field grazing) system. For the convenience of study, animals were divided into two age groups such as animals of 1.5 year and >1.5 years. Collection of ticks Ticks were collected by hand picking and smeared around the tick to loosen attachment of the tick from the body surface with ethanol. Preservation of samples Ticks were preserved in 70% alcohol in clean, well-stopped glass vials with labeled properly. Identification of ticks Presumptive identifications were made while preserved in 70% alcohol under stereoscopic microscopic. Final identifications were made under compound microscope according to keys and description (Souls by, 1982; Cable, 1967). Statistical analysis Statistical analyses were carried out by using statistical package for social science (SPSS) using F test. Moreover, to compare the prevalence of ticks of cattle of both sexes, ages, breeds, rearing system, seasons and topography of the area, data were analyzed by using paired sample t test (Mostafa, 1989). Odds ratio was calculated according to the formula Schesselman (1982).

Source of Information: African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 5(4), pp. 346-352, 4 February, 2011 Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/ajmr DOI: 10.5897/AJMR10.706 ISSN 1996-0808

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In hypothetically, cattle rearing in hilly area contain high amount of RBC cells in its blood volume due to its movement in hilly area and required high volume of oxygen level for their survive. Therefore, susceptibility of tick infestation is higher because ticks are vigorous blood sucker. Another factor assumed that in hilly area scarcity of water where as no scarcity of water in plain land. So regular bath and rubbing practice of animals in plain areas whereas it is rarely practiced in hilly areas.

Knowledge Management: Journal