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Seroprevalence of Zoonotic Protozoa Toxoplasma Gondii Infection in Food Animals of Chattogram Division

Sultana Fizun Nahar
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Ramesh Prasad Saha
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Khan Md Ashfia
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Asish Kumer Debnath
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

AKM Anisur Rahman
Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md Hasanuzzaman Talukder
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic protozoan parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection in sheep, goats and cattle in Chattogram division. In his study a total of 220 sera samples from different animals were collected from different herds of Chattogram division. Among the 220 samples, 184 sera were examined for T. gondii antibody by indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (iELISA) (ID Screen® indirect ELISA kit, IDvet Laboratories, Inc., France) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Samples with more than 50% S/P were considered as positive for T. gondii. The overall prevalence of T. gondii was 13.59%. The highest prevalence of T. gondii was found in goat 16%, sheep 13.04% and cattle 11.90%. The highest prevalence (36.36%) of T gondii infection was observed in sheep aged >5 years compared to other age groups. Similarly, the highest seroprevalence was found in >18 months old sheep (16.067% compared to <6 months group (5.88%) and pregnant (19.63%) and non-pregnant sheep (11.76%). In contrast to cattle and sheep, the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in goats were highest in 6 months to 18 months age group (20.83%) compared to >18 months age group (9.09%). Results indicate that T. gondii infection in food animals in Chattogram division is widespread. Further investigation on the isolation and characterization of T. gondii from the aborted fetus and its zoonotic potential on human population is imperative. The undercooked meat and raw milk of these food animals may serve as a potential source of T. gondi infection for humans.

Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, Seroprevalence Risk factors, iELISA, Ruminants, Zoonotic Protozoa

Location: Cumilla, Brahmanbaria and Feni districts of Chattogram division.

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Cattle, Animal

Objectives:

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection in sheep, goats and cattle.

Methodology:

Study area- The serum samples used in this study were collected from a serum bank in the department of Medicine. The samples were originated from Cumilla, Brahmanbaria and Feni districts of Chattogram division. Study population- A total of 220 serum samples of sheep, goats and cattle were collected from the study area with the history of abortion in their herds. Among 220 serum samples; 110, 60 and 50 were randomly collected from sheep, goats and cattle, respectively. Serological test- Antibodies against T. gondii were detected using an indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) by employing a commercially available kit (ID Screen® indirect ELISA kit, IDvet Laboratories, Inc., France) according to the manufacturer’s instructions and cut-off recommendations. Wells of ELISA plates were coated with P30 antigen provided by the commercial kits. Optical densities of the samples were detected using an ELISA reader at 450 nm. The positive and negative control sera used in these assays were provided by the commercial kits. Test Procedure- All reagents were allowed to come to room temperature (21°C±5°C) before use. Ninty microlitre of dilution buffer 2 to each microwell was added. Then following things were added- 10 µl of the Negative Control to wells A1 and B1, 10 µl of the Positive Control to wells C1 and D1, 10 µl of each sample to be tested to the remaining wells. Then it was incubated 45 min ±4 min at 21°C (±5°C). After that the wells were emptied and washed each well 3 times with approximately 300 µl of the wash solution. The Conjugate 1X was prepared by diluting the Concentrated Conjugate 10X to 1/10 in Dilution Buffer 3. Then 100 µl of the Conjugate 1X was added to each well and Incubated 30 min ± 3min at 21°C (±5°C).The wells were emptied and washed each well 3 times with approximately 300 µl of the Wash Solution. Then 100 µl of the substrate solution was added to each well and incubated 15 min ± 2min at 21°C (±5°C) in the dark. Then 100 µl of the Stop Solution was added to each well in order to stop the reaction and the optical densities at 450 nm was read and recorded. Statistical analysis Obtained data were compiled and analyzed by using MS Excel. The S/P percentage (S/P%) for each sample was calculated from optical density values of sample, positive control and negative control taken in 450 nm by using formula.

Source of Information: Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(2): 275-281, August 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v7i2.48868

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Toxoplasmosis is endemic in sheep, goats and cattle in Chattogram division. The undercooked meat and raw milk of these food animals may serve as a potential source of T. gondi infection for humans. Further studies are imperative to explore the transmission dynamics of this zoonotic protozoan pathogen.

Knowledge Management: Journal