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Evaluation of Fungicides Again Strhizoctonia Oryzae-sativae, the Causal Fungus of Aggregate Sheath Spot of Rice

S.B. Jahan
Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi

M.A. Ali
Plant Pathologyand, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

S. Alam
Department of Botany, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Email: shapnattc@yahoo.com

Z.R. Moni
Plant Breeding Divisions, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

M.S. Mian
Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Anin-vitroinvestigation was conducted to screen eightfungicides against Rhizoctoniaoryzae-sativae,the causal fungus of aggregates heath spot disease of rice. The fungicides were Amistar top325 SC (Azoxystrobin), Carbendazim 50WC (Carbendazim), Differ 300EC (Difeconazole-propiconazole), Folicur 250EW (Tebucona-zole), Monceren 250SC (Pencycuron), Mancodazim63%+12% (Mancozeb-Carbendazim), Nativo 75WG (Trifloxystroin-Tebuconazole) and Propi 25EC (Propi-conazole). Potato dextrose agar (PDA)was amended with thefungicides at 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 10.00 and 100.00 ppm. Amended PDA was poured into Petri dishesat 20 ml per dishand inoculated with mycelia blocks of R. oryzae-sativae. Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae was found to besensitive to allthe fungicides tested. Carbendazim showed strong activity against the pathogenshowingthe lowest LD (lethal dose) 90 values (0.8 ppm) and LD50(0.1 ppm). Field trial was conducted to test the efficacy of all fungicides to control aggregate sheath spot of rice. Of them Carbendazim, Tebuconazole and Trifloxystroin-tebuconazole significantly reduced disease development and increased rice yield by14.58, 11.88 and 9.79%, respectively.

Keywords: Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae, Aggregate sheath spot, Fungicides, Rice

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Fungicide, Rice

Objectives:

The present piece of research was conducted to evaluate efficacy of eight fungicides in-vitro and under field condition to control R. oryzae-sativae isolated from aggregate sheath spot infected rice sheaths.

Methodology:

In-vitroevaluation offungicides Eight fungicides namely Amistar top325SC (Azoxystrobin), Carbendazim 50WC (Carbendazim), Differ 300EC (Difeconazole-propiconazole), Folicur 250EW (Tebuconazole), Monceren250SC (Pency-curon), Mancodazim 63%+12% (Mancozeb-Carbendazim), Nativo 75WG (Trifloxystroin Tebuconazole) and Propi 25EC (Propiconazole) were tested in the experiment. Each of the fungicides was tested @ 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 10.00 and 100.00ppm. Independent experiment was conducted to test each fungicide. Fieldevaluation of fungicides Based on findings of the in vitrotest, five fungicides namely Carbendazim 50WC, Differ 300EC, Folicur 250EW, Nativo 75WG and Propiconazole25EC were selected for their field evaluation against aggregates heath spotduring T. Aus seasons of 2012 and 2013 in the Research Farm of BRRI, Gazipur. BRRI dhan48 was used in the experiment. Carbendazim, Propiconazole and Folicur were suspended in water at 0.90%. Suspension of Differ and Nativo was preparedin waterat 0.18 and 0.036%, respectively. The experiment was laid out inrandomized complete block design with three replications and 3m x 2m unit plotand plot to plot distance was 50cm. Seeds of variety BRRI dhan48 were treated with hot water at 52C for 20 min and soaked in plain water for 24 hours for sprouting. Sprouted seeds were sown in tray to raise seedlings. Thirty days old seedlings were transplanted in the experimental plotat3-4 seedlings per hill maintaining 15 cm x 20 cmspacing. Pure culture of R. oryzae-sativae (IsolateMY-1) was multipliedon PDA plate and incubated at ambient temperature. After 7 days of incubation the culture in a plate was divided into 8 equal sections, which were used as inocula to inoculate test plants according to Lanoiseletet al. (2001). For inoculation, each portion of the PDA culture was inserted at the base of each hill at maximum tillering stage. Nine hills in the middle of each unit plot were inoculated. The fungicides were suspended in water at required concentration and sprayed twice at 7days starting from 15 days after inoculation. Standard agronomic practices were followed to grow the cropto maintain normal growth of plants. Data on infected and healthy tillers, plant height and top most lesion height were recorded from which incidence, relative lesion height (RLH) and severity was computed according to Ahnet al. (1986) and Yoshimura (1954) as described below: Relative lesion height (RLH) (%) = (Lesionheight/Plant height) X 100. Incidence (%) = Number of infected plant /Numberof total plant checked X 100. Severity (%) = (3N1+ 2N2+ N3+ 0N4)/3N) X 100, where N1=number of tillers with all four upper most infected sheaths; N2=number of tillers with the three uppermos tinfected sheaths; N3=number of tillers with the two upper most infected sheaths and N4=number of tillers with the four upper most sheaths disease free. The crops were harvested at 80% maturity. After threshing, the grains were sun dried to have 14% moisture contentand grain yield per nine selected hills was recorded. The grain was expressed in kilogram perhectare. Sterility and thous and grain weight were also recorded. Data analysis Standard errors of means of three replications (mycelialinhibition) were calculated using computer softwareStata (version 12). The LD50 and LD90 values were calculated using thes of tware Origin 7.0. Data of field trial were analyzed using MSTAT-C computer program and mean separation was performed using least significant difference (LSD) test.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Plant Pathol. Vol. 30, No. 1&2, 2014

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Funding Source:

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Achievement/Findings:

Differ and Propiconazole though decreased disease severity over control but yield was not increase accordingly. Similar result was also found by Lanoiseletet al. (2005). The maximum yield loss caused by the disease was 14.74% (on BRRI dhan48 in 2013) that relates with the findings of Lanoiseletet al. (2005) who found 20.30% yield loss in Australia. Based on findings of the present investigation it may be concluded that aggregate sheath spot disease causes considerable yield loss and Carbendazim, Folicur or Nativo may be recommended to control the disease and to save yield loss. However, before final recommendation benefit cost ration need to be determined.

Knowledge Management: Journal