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Effect of Plant Extracts on Seed Borne Fungi of Jute

Md. Abdul Ahad
Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Md. Shahidul Islam
Department of Plant Pathology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China

Nur Fatema Nupur
Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of seed-borne fungal pathogens of jute and their control with plant extract. The experiment was carried out in seed pathology centre, Bangladesh Agricultural University to obtain relevant information about the health of jute seeds and find out the efficacy of extracts as seed-treater. Two varieties viz., Deshipat (Corchorus capsularis) and Tossapat (Corchorus olitorius) were selected for this study and jute seeds were collected from two different locations of Bangladesh. The major predominant identified fungi were Colletotrichum corchori, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium spp., and Botryodiplodia theobromae. Least seed-borne fungi were found in the variety of Tossapat. Low germination of seeds was found related to high prevalence of seed-borne fungal infections. Highest seed-borne infection was obtained in the variety of Deshipat. In this study, we evaluated some major plant extracts such as garlic clove (Allium sativum), neem leaves (Azadirachta indica), allamanda leaves (Allamanda cathartica L.) and marigold leaves (Tagetes spp.) for observing the action of these plant extracts on seed borne fungi of Jute. The study revealed that the extract of Garlic (Allium sativum), and Biskatali (Polygonum hydropiper) increased the germination of seeds and garlic (Allium sativum) extract was also found to be most effective in controlling the seed-borne infection among all the treatments. Although the inhibiting capacity of the extracts of Allamanda (Allamanda cathartica L.) and Biskatali (Polygonum hydropiper) was found to be similar and Biskatali extract was found to have the second position among all the treated plant extracts in inhibiting the growth of isolated fungal pathogens.

Keywords: Botanical Treatment, Medicinal Plant, Bio-Control, Seed, Jute

Location: Bangladesh (Netrokona sader and Barhatta sader upazilla)

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Extract (plant, seed), Jute

Objectives:

The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of seed-borne fungal pathogens and germination condition in selected varieties of jute seeds.

Methodology:

The experiment is carried out in seed pathology center, Bangladesh Agricultural University to obtain relevant information about the health of jute seeds and find out the efficacy of extracts as seed-treater. Collection of Jute Seed Samples A total of 40 seed samples of jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) of local variety, Deshipat and Tossapat (Corchorus olitorious) were collected from two different locations of Bangladesh (Netrokona sader and Barhatta sader upazilla). In this experiment, ten villages (Amtola, Mudonpur, Sapmara, Parla, Ruhi, Forgati, Satorcree, Simulgani, Faridpur and Sinharbangla) under Netrokona sader upazilla and ten villages (Asma, Serum, Borhati, Laufull, Hazigonj, Muitor, Bori, Otitpur, Islampurm and Chandreepur) under Barhatta sader upazilla’ were taken as study areas. One sample was collected from each village in case of two varieties. The size of each sample was 500 g (approx.). The seeds were then kept in polythene bags and stored in the Seed Store of the Seed Pathology Laboratory at 5⁰C - 7⁰C, till these were used for the subsequent studies. Identification of Seed-Borne Fungi Associated with Jute Seeds All the seed samples were assayed for the presence of fungal pathogens by the Blotter Method following the International Rules for Seed Testing Association. Blotter Method for Evaluating Seed Health Status of Jute Seed Seed health status was carried out by Blotter method to detect the seed borne pathogens associated with the jute seed samples. In this method, two hundred seeds were randomly taken from each sample. The seeds were planted on water soaked three layered Whatman No. 1 filter paper in plastic petridishes. In each Petridis, 25 seeds were plated at equal distance. All these petridishes were incubated at 20⁰C ± 2⁰C under 12 hrs, alternate cycle of Near Ultra Violet (NUV) light and darkness. After 7 days of incubation, petriplates containing incubated seeds were observed under stereomicroscope for detecting seed borne pathogens on jute seed surface under stereomicroscope at 25× magnification. Where identification was difficult or doubtful under the stereomicroscope, temporary slide was prepared and examined under the compound microscope and identified with the help of literature review and expert consultation. Number of germinated seeds was recorded along with the seed-borne fungi after seven days of incubation. The results were expressed in percentage. Germination Test Four hundred seeds were taken randomly from the well-mixed seed sample (1STA, 1999). The working samples were divided into four replications and thus one replication contained 100 seeds. To ensure adequate spacing, 10 seeds were divided into four sub replications and each sub replication contained 25 seeds. The filter papers were germinated on top of three layers of Whatman No. 1 filter paper. The filter papers were soaked in water and placed at the bottom of 9 cm diameter plastic petridishes and thereafter 25 seeds were placed on the top of filter paper. Thus 400 seeds were placed in 16 replicate petridishes. Evaporation of water was minimized by tightly fining the lids of the petridishes. The petridishes were placed inside the incubator maintaining the temperature at 30⁰C for five days. Seeds producing both plumule and radical after incubation were counted as germinated seeds. The result was expressed as percentage. Seed Treatment with Plant Extracts The major plant extracts (1:2 v/v concentration) used for this experiment were garlic (clove) extract (Allium sativum), Allamanda (leaf) extract (Allamanda cathartica L.), Marigold (leaf) extract (Tagetes spp.), and Biskatali (leaf) extract (Polygonum hydropiper). Four different plant species were collected from different areas of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh Campus which were used in this study. Twenty-five grams of each test plant was grounded in a mortar without water. The pulverized mass was squeezed through 3 folds of fine cloth and then the filtrate was used as extract. Jute seeds were treated by dipping separately different extracts of 1:2 dilutions. Just after dipping, the excess extracts were drained off and treated seeds were tested for the presence of fungal flora by the Blotter Method. In case of control, seeds were treated only with sterile water. Analysis of Data The experiments were conducted following the Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Analysis of variance was done and the mean differences in the efficacy of the treatments were judged by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The percentage value of the prevalence of seed borne fungi, the efficacy of plant extract treatments was transformed by Arcsin transformation technique before analysis of variance. In case of prevalence value of total seed borne fungi was not transformed, because the values obtained in some cases were above 100%.

Source of Information: American Journal of Plant Sciences Vol.09 No.13(2018),

Article Link (Online Journal): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The study intended to explore the efficacy of plant extract on the control of fungi infected seed borne diseases on jute. The Deshipat (Corchorus capsularis) and Tossaha pat (Corchorus olitorius) were chosen for this study. The major four plant extracts (1:2 v/v concentrations) were used for this experiment such as garlic (clove) extract, Allamanda (leaf) extract, Marigold (leaf) extract, and Biskatali (leaf) extract. The study reveals that the major predominant identified fungi were Colletotrichum corchori, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium spp., and Botryodiplodia theobromae and least seed-borne fungi were found in the variety of Tossapat while highest infection found in Deshipat. It also revealed that the extract of Garlic, Allamanda and Biskatali had strong ability to control the seed borne diseases of Jute.

Knowledge Management: Journal