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Impact of Improved Chickpea Cultivation on Profitability and Livelihood of Farmers in Drought-prone Areas of Bangladesh

SC Sharna
Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

M Kamruzzaman
Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

ST Siddique
Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The cultivation of improved chickpea varieties has been increasing over time that kicks off the local varieties from the farmer’s field. Up-to-date socio-economic information regarding this issue is scanty in Bangladesh. That is why we analyze the profitability of improved chickpea variety and assess the impact of its cultivation on the livelihood of chickpea farmers in the high Barind region of Bangladesh. The values of benefit-cost ratio depict that the improved variety is more profitable in comparison to local chickpea variety; specifically, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of improved chickpea production is 1.87, while it is only 1.66 for local chickpea. To understand the wellbeing of chickpea farmers, the multidimensional livelihood index (MLI) following sustainable livelihood framework of the Department for International Development (DFID) is used, which constitutes the asset pentagon of five capitals namely human, physical, natural, financial and social capital. The MLI of improved and local chickpea growers are 0.51 and 0.39 respectively which belong in the middle livelihood category. Meanwhile, the MLI reflects that the improved variety cultivars are in a better livelihood condition than the local variety growers. Among all the five capitals of the MLI, the difference between these two groups is the largest in the case of social capital followed by financial capital. Since both groups have achieved far less MLI values than 1, the recommendation is therefore to ensure different types of facilities for the development of people of high Barind tract as well as increasing the production of improved chickpea.

Keywords: High Barind region, Chickpea, livelihood index, Benefit-cost ratio

Location: Godagari and Tanore Upazila of Rajshahi district

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Chickpea

Objectives:

To the researchers and policymakers about the considerable factors for livelihood up liftment of the chickpea farmers of the high Barind region

Methodology:

Based on the objectives of the study, a multi-stage sampling technique was employed to gather primary data. In order to reveal the most chickpea growing areas, firstly, district, Upazila, and villages were purposively selected. After that, a field survey was conducted in different villages of Godagari and Tanore Upazila of Rajshahi district located in the high Barind region. This area has a high concentration of different improved chickpea variety growers along with local chickpea variety producers. A total of 180 farmers were interviewed, among them, 120 respondents were improved chickpea growers (i.e. adopters) and 60 respondents were local chickpea producing farmers (i.e. non-adopters). For this study, the BARI Chola-5 variety is considered as the improved variety. For confirmation of data reliability, data were collected in two different periods. The time length is from 11^th to 18^th March (during chickpea cultivation) and 9^thto 18^thJune (after chickpea harvesting) of 2019, consecutively.

Different agencies such as the Department for International Development (DFID), Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE), United Nations Development Program (UNDP), etc. have developed different livelihood approaches. All the organizations link their ideas to the work of Chambers and Conway (1992). According to them, livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources) and activities required for a means of living. In this study, the sustainable livelihood framework of the DFID is used comprising the asset pentagon of five different capitals namely human, physical, natural, financial and social capital (DFID, 2000). The asset is grouped into those five broad types of capital. The first one is human capital which represents the skills, knowledge, ability to labour and good health that together enable people to ascertain different livelihood strategies and obtain their goals.

Source of Information: SAARC J. Agri., 18(1): 129-142 (2020)

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/sja.v18i1.48387

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

This article is an exertion to divulge the profitability of improved and local chickpea as well as the livelihood scenario of different chickpea farmers in the drought strike region of Bangladesh. The comparison between the livelihood of adopters and non- adopters imparts information about the livelihood of two different groups. Undoubtedly, the improved chickpea variety provide a larger gross margin, net return and ultimately, a bigger benefit-cost ratio than its counterpart. Along with that, the higher MLI of adopters proclaims a better livelihood condition than non-adopter that demonstrates a partial intervention of improved chickpea variety in the high Barind region. As the MLI for adopters and non-adopters are much lower than their full potential, there is a plethora of scope to develop their livelihood scenario. Through promulgating the improved varieties with more productivity and different resistance characteristics, the wellbeing of miserable farmers can be upgraded considerably. In this circumstance, the more intensive policy is needed to ameliorate the condition of non-adopters through providing other facilities, for instances, better education, proper rural infrastructure, women empowerment activities, income diversifying opportunities along with increasing modern variety cultivation.

Knowledge Management: Journal