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Important Viral Diseases Associa Ted with Mortality of Layer Chickens in Commercial Poultry Farms in Bangladesh

M. A. Rahman
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Barisal Government Veterinary College, Khanpura, Babugonj, Barisal

M. A. Samad
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Disease profile investigation on 1751 dead chickens supplied from about 100 commercial large or small scale poultry farms of Gazipur district and surrounding area in Bangladesh during one year period from January to December 2002 at the BRAC Poultry Disease Diagnostic Centre, Nagapara, Gazipur showed that 22.73% (n = 398) cases with five different viral diseases, of which infectious bursal disease (IBD) (n = 196) and Newcastle disease (ND) (n = 181) showed significantly (p < 0.01) higher rate of occurrence than infectious bronchitis (IB) (n = 6), avian leukosis (AL) (n = 6) and fowl pox (FP) (n = 4). Age-wise occurrence of IBD showed highest infection rate in growing stage (82.65%) in comparison to brooding (3.06%), pullet (6.12%) and adult layer (8.16%) chickens. Although more or less all age groups of chickens were affected by ND (1.66% to 50.83%) but it was found significantly (p < 0.01) highest in adult (50.83%) chickens. Infectious bronchitis was recorded only in adult chickens. Avian leukosis was found higher in pullet (66.67%) than the adult (33.33%) layer birds. Fowl! pox also recorded only in pullet stage of chickens. Seasonal influence showed significantly (p < 0.01) highest occurrence of IBD during summer (44.39%) in comparison to rainy (30.61%) and winter (25.00%) seasons. Similarly ND was recorded more or less uniformly in all the three seasons of the year with significantly (p < 0.01) higher rate during summer (41.99%) season. Infectious bronchitis was recorded significantly (p < 0.01) higher in summer (63.66%) season while avian leukosis was recorded in winter (66.67%). Fowl pox was found equally in winter and summer seasons (50%). Although IBD was found with other concurrent infection e.g., dual (23.98%) and triple (2.55%) types of infection but highest occurrence was recorded as a single type (73.47%) of infection. ND was found with dual (44.75%), siple (7.18%) and fourth (1.10%) types of infection but specially single infection (46.96%) were associated with high mortality. IB was recorded highest in single infection (54.55%) in comparison to dual (9.09%), triple (18.18%) and fourth types (18.18%) of infection. Avian leukosis was recorded higher as a single infection (83.33%) than dual (16.67%) type of infection. Fowl pox was recorded equally (50%) as single and triple types of infection. It may be concluded that both the single and concurrent infection of viral diseases, greatly influenced by season and age associated with high mortality, should be considered during vaccination programme, diagnosis, prevention and control.

Keywords: Mortality, Viral diseases, Layer chickens, Commercial Poultry, BRAC Poultry, Poultry diseases

Location: BRAC Poultry Disease Diagnostic Centre (PDDC), Nagapara, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date: 00-01-2002

End Date: 00-12-2002

Program Area: Animal Health and Management

Commodity: Poultry, Diseases

Objectives:

To determine the Important Viral Diseases Associated with Mortality of Layer Chickens in Commercial Poultry Farms in Bangladesh

Methodology:

This study was conducted to determine the interactions of virus as etiological agents associated with mortality in (751 commercial dead chickens which were submitted for diagnosis at the BRAC Poultry Disease Diagnostic Centre (PDDC), Nagapara, Gazipur during one year period from January to December 2002. This poultry disease diagnostic centre has been established with modern diagnostic facilities for commercial services on the diagnosis of poultry diseases. Diagnosis of each of the recorded disease in chickens was made on the clinical history and characteristic post mortem lesions described by Calnek et al. (1997). To assess the influence of age on the occurrence of diseases, birds were grouped into brooding (up to 2 weeks), grower (>2 to 8 weeks), pullets (>2 to 20 wecks) and adult layer (>20 weeks). The seasonal influence on the occurrence of diseases was assessed by dividing the year into three main seasons viz. summer (March to June), rainy (July to October) and winter (November to February). Results of single and concurrent diseases with age and seasons were analyzed by using the Chi-square test for significance (Gupta, 1982).

Source of Information: Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2005). 3 (1): 01-05

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The 1751 dead cases examined, of which 398 (22.73%) cases diagnosed as viral diseases. Of the 398 cases, the IBD (n = 196), ND (n= 181), IB (n= 11), AL (n = 6) and fowl pox (n = 4) were diagnosed. Thus, the occurrence of IBD and ND were found significantly (p < 0.01) higher in comparison to other viral diseases. Accordingly disease profile with age and seasonal influences of these most important viral diseases were studied. Age-wise analysis showed that significantly (p < 0.01) highest (45.98%) occurrence of viral diseases was recorded in grower. Season-wise analysis revealed that significantly (p < 0.01) highest (43.47%) cases of viral diseases was in summer season. Fowl pox was found equally in winter and summer seasons (50%). Although IBD was found with other concurrent infection e.g., dual (23.98%) and triple (2.55%) types of infection but highest occurrence was recorded as a single type (73.47%) of infection. ND was found with dual (44.75%), siple (7.18%) and fourth (1.10%) types of infection but specially single infection (46.96%) were associated with high mortality. IB was recorded highest in single infection (54.55%) in comparison to dual (9.09%), triple (18.18%) and fourth types (18.18%) of infection. Avian leukosis was recorded higher as a single infection (83.33%) than dual (16.67%) type of infection. Fowl pox was recorded equally (50%) as single and triple types of infection. It may be concluded that both the single and concurrent infection of viral diseases, greatly influenced by season and age associated with high mortality, should be considered during vaccination programme, diagnosis, prevention and control.

Knowledge Management: Journal