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Experiment for Arsenic Accumulation Into Rice Cultivated with Arsenic Enriched Irrigation Water in Bangladesh

M.A.K. Azad
Institute of Environmental Science, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

A.H.M.F.K. Mondal
Institute of Environmental Science, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

A green house field experiment of rice (Oryza sativa L) with arsenic amended irrigation water was conducted at Institute of Environmental Science of Rajshahi University to observe the trend of arsenic (As) accumulation into rice and soil. Sodium arsenate (Na2HAsO4) amended irrigation water (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/l As) was used for cultivating a popular HYV-aman rice variety named BR-11. Arsenic accumulation of rice straw, grain and soil were investigated. A significant (p ≤ 0.01) increasing trend of arsenic accumulation in straw, grain and soil was found with increase of arsenic in irrigation water. The highest level of arsenic in straw, grain and soil was observed in the treatment of 4.0 mg/l As containing irrigation water and lowest level in control treatment. Arsenic in irrigation water showed a strong positive correlations with arsenic accumulation into soil, straw and grain, and the trend of accumulation was found as water > soil > straw > grain.

Keywords: Arsenic, Water, Soil, Rice

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Arsenic

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess the accumulation of arsenic into rice in Gangetic soil condition. Therefore, this research work was carried out to find out the trend of arsenic accumulation into soil and rice as well as to find out a safe level of arsenic in irrigation water for rice cultivation in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Experimental Site This field experiment was conducted in a green house made of transparent poly-ethylene paper, at Institute of Environmental Science of Rajshahi University in north-western part of Bangladesh during August to December 2011. The study site has sub-tropical and humid climate with adequate sunshine during day time. Soil Condition The experiment was conducted in gangetic soil condition. The properties of soil were total Nitrogen 0.04±0.02%, available P 25.3±0.04 ppm, available K 0.21±0.03 mol/kg, available S 15.7±0.05 ppm, available Z 0.68±0.04 ppm, pH 7.7±0.03, organic matter 0.80±0.05 and background total arsenic (As) 5.60±0.05 ppm.2.3. Rice Variety Rice variety, BR-11 is very popular aman variety in Bangladesh. This rice variety was cultivated for this experiment. Seedling Transplantation Thirty-five days old seedlings were uprooted carefully from the seedbed in the morning from the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Rajshahi station and four seedlings for each hill with three replications were transplanted on the same day in experimental field on 7th August 2011. The seedlings which died within 6 days of transplantation were discarded and new seedlings were replaced. Intercultural Application Fertilizer Application To support the plant growth, urea, triple super phosphate (TSP), murate of potash (MP) and gypsum fertilizer were applied for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur, respectively. The first spilt (one third of the dose) of urea and full doses of all other fertilizers were incorporated into the soil by hand before two days of seedling transplantation. The second and third splits of urea were applied after 30 (maximum tillering stage) and 70 (panicle initiation stage) days of transplantation, respectively. One insecticide named fighter was applied into the soil to kill the insects and aphids those damaged the rice plants. Arsenic Source Sodium arsenate (Na2HAsO4) was used for arsenic source. Irrigation and Treatment Six arsenic treatments 0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/L As containing irrigation water were used in this experiment. After transplantation of rice seedlings, 3-4 cm water above soil level was maintained in each treatment throughout the growth period. Irrigation was stopped before 10 days of harvest. Sample Collection and Preservation The rice plants were cut at 4 cm above the soil. Rice grain was harvested at their maturity stage (120 days after transplantation) on 7th December 2011. Then the collected samples (straw and rice grain) from each treatment were tagged properly and sun dried for 3 days and then keeping the samples on a wooden table. The sun dried samples were stored in a drying cabinet at 45°C. Chlorophyll Measurement The chlorophyll from rice leaves during flowering stage was extracted in 80% acetone and chlorophyll contents were measured at 663nm and 645 nm in a spectrophotometer. From the absorption coefficients, the amount of chlorophyll was calculated. Arsenic Analysis Soil, rice straw and grain samples were digested separately following the heating block digestion procedure [19]. Rice straw and grain samples were digested by HNO3-HClO4 and soil samples by HNO3-H2SO4-HClO4 for measuring arsenic concentrations in hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometer in BCSIR Laboratory, Dhaka. Statistical Analysis The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done following the F-statistics. Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) was used for mean comparisons of the treatment at 5% level of probability. Pearson correlation coefficients among the parameters were also calculated.

Source of Information: American Journal of Environmental Protection, 2013, Vol. 1, No. 3, 54-5 8 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/env/1/3/2 © Science and Education Publishing

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI:10.12691/env-1 -3 -2

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

From the overall observations of this study we may conclude that the trend of arsenic accumulation in Gangetic soil condition is as follows: irrigation water > soil > straw > grain. For rice cultivation the level of arsenic in irrigation water should be within 1mg/l. The findings of this research will help the farmers of Bangladesh for cultivating rice with lowest arsenic contamination.

Knowledge Management: Journal