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Preliminary Cytotoxicity Screening of Some Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh

Mohammad S. Rahman
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Bilkis Begum
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Rasheduzzaman Chowdhury
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Khondaker M. Rahman
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Mohammad A. Rashid
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh, 3 Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

The cytotoxic activity of the methanolic extracts of 35 plant species, including 28 traditionally used plants of Bangladesh was evaluated by the brine shrimp lethality bioassay technique. Among these, 19 plant extracts exhibited significant toxicity to brine shrimps with LC50 less than 10 µg/ml.

Keywords: Cytotoxic activity, Brine shrimp lethality bioassay.

Location: Dhaka, Chittagong and Khulna districts of Bangladesh and identified at the Department of Botany, University of Dhaka

Start Date: 00-01-2004

End Date: 00-04-2004

Program Area: Development of Host and Medicinal Plants

Commodity: Medicinal Plants

Objectives:

scientific studies have been conducted only to a limited extent with few medicinal plants.1-4 In this investigation, 35 locally used plants were selected and tested to justify their existing bioactivities by the brine shrimp lethality bioassay.5

Methodology:

Plant collection. The plants selected for the study were collected from Dhaka, Chittagong and Khulna districts of Bangladesh during January - April 2004 and identified at the Department of Botany, University of Dhaka where voucher specimens for these collections are maintained. Extraction. The air-dried and powdered plant materials were separately extracted with methanol for 5 days at room temperature with occasional shaking and stirring. The extracts were then filtered off through a cotton plug and finally with Whatman no.1 filter papers. The volume of the filtrate was reduced using a Buchii rotary evaporator at low temperature and pressure. Bioassay. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay5 technique was applied for the determination of cytotoxic property of the plant extractives. Vincristine sulphate and DMSO were used as positive and negative control, respectively. 4 mg of each of the extractives was dissolved in DMSO and solutions of varying concentrations such as 400, 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.50, 6.25, 3.125, 1.563 and 0.781 µg/ml were obtained by serial dilution technique. Then the solutions were added to the premarked vials containing ten live brine shrimp nauplii in 5 ml simulated sea water. After 24 hours, the vials were inspected using a magnifying glass and the number of survived nauplii in each vial was counted. From this data, the percent (%) of lethality of the brine shrimp nauplii was calculated for each concentration. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of the test samples was obtained by a plot of percentage of the shrimps killed against the logarithm of the sample concentration. Statistical analysis. The experiment was conducted in triplicate and the LC50 were calculated as mean ± SD (n=3).

Source of Information: Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 7(1): 47-52, 2008 (June)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

It is observed that 19 plants extracts were highly lethal to brine shrimp nauplii out of the 35 plants used in the study. This indicates that these plants contain potential bioactive compounds, which if properly and extensively studied, could provide many chemically interesting and biologically active drug candidates, including some with potential antitumor and antiproliferative properties. A thorough chemical study is required to isolate the molecules that are responsible for the activities.

Knowledge Management: Journal