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Heavy Metals Concentration and Possible Health Risks from Shrimp Nurseries at South-west Region, Bangladesh

Abdullah Yasin
Aquatic Animal Health Group, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Mst Khadiza Begum
Aquatic Animal Health Group, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Badhan Saha
Biological Research Division, Bangladesh Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Priyanka Dey Suchi
Biological Research Division, Bangladesh Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh

Md Mostavi Enan Eshik
Aquatic Animal Health Group, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Mohammad Shamsur Rahman
Aquatic Animal Health Group, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Water pollution poses a threat of heavy metal accumulation in aquatic animals. This study was designed to determine the heavy metals contamination in shrimp PL (post larvae) nurseries of Khulna region and associated human health risks. Water (raw sea water, treated and outlet water) and PL samples of five shrimp nurseries of Khulna districts were analyzed to measure the concentrations of six heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Mn, Cu, Pb and Ni) by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (Model No: AA-7000, Shimadzu). The metal concentrations were higher in almost all PL samples of five nurseries except Mn, which value was below detection level (BDL). Concentrations of Zn and Cu were significantly higher (P<0.05) in PL samples than inlet (raw sea water, treated water) and outlet water samples among five nurseries. The highest value for Cr was found in PL sample (2.95±3.64) ppm but the lowest was in outlet water (0.004±0.004) ppm. The highest value of Pb was found in PL samples (3.48±7.78) ppm and the lowest was in treated water sample (0.54±0.09). The Ni concentration was highest in PL samples (1.71±1.98) ppm while the lowest in both raw seawater (0.01±0.005) ppm and outlet water (0.01±0.004) ppm. In some PL samples, the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Pb and Ni were higher than maximum allowable concentration. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of heavy metals in shrimp PL were followed the order Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Ni>Mn. The target hazard quotients (THQ) of PL samples were followed the rank Pb>Cu>Zn>Ni>Cr>Mn. Target cancer risk (TR) of Pb of nursery-2 PL for rural people was 1.1305 × 10^-4 while the urban and average TR was 1.4757× 10^-4 and 1.2195× 10^-4, respectively. The findings of the present study on heavy metal concentrations in PL nurseries indicate the necessities of quality water for prevention of accumulation heavy metals further in shrimp grown-up stages. Proper management strategies should be taken to avoid this risk.

Keywords: Heavy metal, Shrimp nurseries, Inlet and outlet water, Shrimp, Health risks

Location: Dacope Upazila of Khulna

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Risk Management in Agriculture

Commodity: Soil quality, Shrimp

Objectives:

1. To determine the heavy metal concentrations of the inlet and outlet water of shrimp PL rearing nurseries, and shrimp PL samples as well; and

2. To undertake a health risk assessment of heavy metals consumption via shrimp.

Methodology:

Study site: Khulna is one of the important shrimp farming area of south-west regions of Bangladesh. Many shrimp PL nurseries are located in this district to supply PL among nearby shrimp farmers. Therefore, five different nurseries situated in Dacope Upazila of Khulna were randomly selected to perform the present study. Usually, shrimp hatchery and nurseries get their containment water for PL production from the sea. After necessary disinfection, they used the water in hatchery and nursery operation. Therefore, four types of samples viz. shrimp PL and three kinds of water samples (raw sea water which had been collected from Bay of Bengal by the nursery, treated sea water and outlet water) were collected from each of five nurseries. Collection of samples: Selected nurseries has been addressed in the study as nursery-1, nursery-2, nursery-3, nursery-4 and nursery-5. Water samples were collected in sterile plastic water bottles and kept at 4ºC until further study. PL samples (about 1000 pieces of PL) were collected using scoop net and transferred to contamination free zipper bags. Then the samples were carried to the laboratory for further analysis. Authority of the nursery-2 did not allow to collect outlet water. Total 19 samples of water and shrimp PL were collected from five different nurseries. Water sample preparation: In the laboratory, at first, water samples were filtered through Whatman 44 filter papers and then transferred to 100 ml plastic bottles. One ml nitric acid (HNO₃) was added to each plastic bottle and it was kept for 3 days to remove all the organic matter. Shrimp PL sample preparation: Weighted PL samples were put into microwave oven for drying at 60°C for 48 hours. Dried samples were grinded in mortar pestle. Minimum 0.5g of samples were taken in 50 ml beakers. 10 ml HNO₃ was added in each beaker. A blank sample was prepared for calculation. Then the samples were put on hot plate at 60°C for digestion under fume hood. When the concentration became low, 5 ml H₂O₂ was added in each sample. Statistical analysis: The data were analyzed using the statistical software, SPSS 20.0 and the graphs were made by using MS Excel 2013.

Source of Information: Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(1): 167-179, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v48i1.47885

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The findings of the present study on heavy metal concentrations in PL nurseries indicate the necessities of quality water for prevention of accumulation heavy metals further in shrimp grown-up stages. Proper management strategies should be taken to avoid this risk.

Knowledge Management: Journal