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New Records of the Goatfish, Upeneus Vittatus (forsskal 1775) and Upeneus Supravittatus (uiblein and Heemstra 2010) (preciformes, Mullidae), from Saint Martin’s Island in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh

Shilpi Saha
Department of Zoology, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh

Subrina Sehrin
Department of Zoology, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh

Abdullah Al Masud
Department of Zoology, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh

Kazi Ahsan Habib
Department of Fisheries, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Anirban Sarker
Department of Zoology, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh

Mohammad Abdul Baki
Department of Zoology, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Genus Upeneus distributed in Indo-Pacific, South Africa, north to southern Japan and south to New Caledonia. Although there is difficulty in identifying accurately goatfish solely on the basis of morphology, U. vittatus and U. supravittatus were confirmed by both using morphological characters and DNA barcoding cytochrome oxidase I subunit (COI) approach for the first time in St. Martin’s Island, Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Increased number of species of the genus Upeneus was found in Bangladesh from 3 to 5 and extended the distribution range.

Keywords: Coral ecosystem, Cytochrome oxidase, Morphomeristics, Upeneus vittatus, U. supravittatus

Location: Aquatic Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Fisheries, Sher- e- Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-00-2015

End Date: 00-00-2015

Program Area: Resource Development and Management

Commodity: Fish

Objectives:

To identify U. vittatus and U. supravittatus was based on morphomeristics as well as DNA barcoding for the first time in Bangladesh, and distinguished from each other and also from other Upeneus spp. recorded before in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Sample collection: Fish specimens were collected on 14 December, 2015 from local fishermen of St. Martin’s Island (20° 34'N - 20° 38.8'N and 92°18'E - 92°20.8'E) who collected these fishes using gear named ber jal which is one kind of seine net and not destructive. Specimens were collected in full accordance with local government regulation, and in compliance with appropriate animal care standards. After that specimens were carried with cooling box to −20⁰C in Fisheries laboratory, Department of Zoology, Jagannath University, Dhaka until further study. After study, all specimens were deposited in the museum of Zoology Department, Jagannath University as voucher specimen with registration number Upeneus vittatus- F1215SM02 and Upeneus supravittatus-F1215SM03. Morphological studies: Morphometric and meristic characters were compared with previous records by Uiblein and Heemstra (2010) from Western Indian Ocean and other 3 species of Upeneus already recorded from Bangladesh water. Lengths were measured in cm scale and weight in gm. The meristic abbreviations used in this study are as follows: D₁, first dorsal fin; D₂, second dorsal fin; P, pectoral fin; V, pelvic fin; A, anal fin; C, caudal fin; Li, lateral-line scale; aLi, transverse scale above lateral-line; bLi, transverse scale below lateral-line; Br, branchiostegal ray. Detailed morphomeristics study was carried out. Molecular phylogenetic studies: Intra- and inter-specific genetic distances were determined using a molecular marker cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of mitochondrial DNA. Muscle tissue was isolated from just below the dorsal fin. DNA was extracted by TIANamp Marine Animal DNA Kit. Approximately 700 bp were amplified from the 5' region of the COI gene using C FishF1t1/C FishR1t1 primer cocktails (Ivanova et al. 2007) due to its high effectiveness in generating amplicons that sequence cleanly for the DNA barcode region of diverse fish taxa and other groups of vertebrate. There are two primers (FishF2 t1/VF2 t1) for cocktail C FishF1t1 and also two primers (FishR2 t1/FR1d t1) for C FishR1t1. To facilitate sequencing of products, all PCR primers were tailed with M13 sequences.

The PCR reactions were carried out in 20 μl reaction mixture containing 6.0 μl of distilled water, 10 µl of master mix, 1 μl of each primer (5 μmol/l) and 2 μl of DNA template. The thermal regime consisted of an initial step of 2 min at 94? followed by 35 cycles of 30 sec at 94?, 40 sec at 52?, and 1 min at 72?, followed in turn by 10 min at 72?. Then soak at 4?. PCR products were puri?ed by using QIAquick PCR purification kit. After purification, the products were sequenced in both directions by using commercial sequencer, Macrogen, Korea. Sequences were manually edited using the software Chromas Lite. For phylogenetic analysis, COI sequences of same species and species in the same genus were downloaded from GenBank. The species and their GenBank accession numbers are following: KX024776 for U. vittatus; KR057896 for U. supravittatus; KP293705, KP293708 for U. suahelicus; EF607613, EF607614 for U. tragula; JN313348 for U. sulphureus and FJ237883 for Parupeneus indicus. The software MEGA 6 (Tamura et al. 2013) was used for alignment and construction of neighbor-joining tree (Saitou and Nei 1987) on the basis of evolutionary distances calculated using the Kimura two parameter (K2P) model (Kimura 1980), where bootstrapping replications were 1000. Molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted in the Aquatic Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Fisheries, Sher- e- Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.

Source of Information: Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 45(2): 161-173, December 2019

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v45i2.46590

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

For the first time in Bangladesh Upeneus vittatus and U. supravittatus were recorded based on both morphomeristics and DNA barcoding. The morphomeristics descriptions are compatible with descriptions of these species given by Zoologists. Moreover, these two species and other three previous Bangladeshi Upeneus species can be distinguished from each other by combination of characters like body stripe, body color, spot, stripe or patch on dorsal fin, bar on caudal fin, lateral line scales and scales above and below the lateral line. Although U. vittatus and U. supravittatus have low genetic variation but significant difference from other species of the same genus that were also confirmed from comparative COI sequence analysis of the present study with reference sequences. Therefore, U. vittatus and U. supravittatus are valid species at the genetic level.

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