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Use of Non Chemicals to Manage Seed-borne Fusarium Moniliforme: Causing Bakanae Disease of Rice

MS Hossain
CSO(CC)
Training Division

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Among the major seed borne diseases of rice, bakanae is quite serious. To reduce the inoculum level of F. moniliforme in rice seeds different non chemical methods such as post harvest operations, use of hot water treatment, use of botanicals and removal of bakanae infected tillers from the infected field were tested. Results revealed that post harvest measures such as winnowing and sun drying significantly reduced the seed-borne infection of F. moniliforme and filled grain had a lowest degree of infection than unfilled grains. Seed treatment by hot water, showed seed treated at 60^oC temperature for 15 minutes exposure almost eradicated F. moniliforme but seed germination was reduced significantly. Among the botanicals used, crude extract as well as diluted extract (40% conc.) of Garlic (Allium sativum) eliminate cent percent of the seed borne infection of F. moniliforme. Removal of bakanae infected tillers from the fields had significant effect on subsequent appearance of infected tillers but little/no effect on yield. It is concluded that, management of seed borne bakanae disease in the field at risk. It suggests development of seed treatment methods with non chemicals means considering the harms of chemical seed treatment.

Keywords: Non chemicals, Manage, Bakanae, Rice, Fusarium moniliforme

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Pest Management

Commodity: Rice, Diseases

Objectives:

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the potential of different non chemical methods as an alternative to chemical control of bakanae disease of rice.

Methodology:

The experiments were conducted at Plant Pathology Division of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur and farmers field during 2013-14

Effect of post-harvest operations on seed infection by F. moniliforme: Seeds sample of each of variety BR1 and BRRI dhan44 was collected immediately after harvest from bakanae infected fields. Three kg of seeds was taken in a cloth bag and three bags were used for each variety. Seed sample was taken from one bag without any post-harvest operation and tested for the incidence of F. moniliforme. The seeds of another bag were winnowed and then sample was taken for test. The seeds of third bag were winnowed and sun dried for consecutive two days (approximately 6 hours daily) and then samples were collected for the test. The blotter test was used to detect F. moniliforme. Winnowing was done manually. The seed samples were stored at 5^oC and seed health test started after a week. Seed samples were tested for the presence of F. moniliforme by the standard blotter method. After incubation, the seeds were examined under stereobinocular microscope. Number of seeds on which F. moniliforme grew was recorded. Occurrence of other organisms on the seeds were also recorded.

Effect of hot water treatment on seed borne infection of F. moniliforme: Twenty five cloth bags were collected and about 250 gm naturally bakanae infected seeds were taken in each bag. The seeds were treated with hot water at 50, 53, 55, 58 and 60^oC for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 min. by submersing the bags under water in an electrically controlled hot water bath. After treatment, the seeds were dried in shed and tested for detection of F. moniliforme. Number of germinated seeds and F. moniliforme infected seeds were recorded.

Effect of plant extracts on seed-borne infection of Fusarium moniliforme: In this experiment again naturally infected seeds of variety BR1 were used. The common and locally available medicinal plants such as Tulshi (Holi basil), Gada (Marigold), Neem, Bashak (Malabar nut), Piaz (Onion), Ada (Zinger), Rasun (Garlic) and Mehendi (Mignonette tree) were used. About 200gm plant parts from each of 8 medicinal plants were collected, washed in tap water followed by washing with distilled water. The plant parts of each medicinal plant were then cut into small pieces. Extract of individual plant parts was prepared by crushing in a mortar with pestle using distilled water at 1:2 (w/v). The extract was filtrated through cheese cloth. Infected seeds were then submerged in a plant extract contained in a conical flask for overnight. Seeds soaked in fresh water served as control. Afterward, the extract was drained out and the treated seed were placed on filter paper for drying and were tested following the standard blotter method. Number of germinated seeds and infected seeds were recorded.

Roguing of infected tillers on disease development and yield: The experiment was conducted at the farmer's field. Three naturally bakanae infected rice fields of variety BRRI dhan29 were selected at Jagatpur village under Habiganj district during Boro season 2014. Each field was considered as a replication. Disease incidence was recorded from each field and then each field was divided into two equal blocks separated by earthen levee. All bakanae infected tillers were removed with their roots from one block and it was continued up to maximum tillering stage. Infected tiller was not removed from another block. Number of infected tiller/hill in the block was recorded. Data were subjected to statistical analysis by using paired t-test technique.

Source of Information: Bangladesh Journal of Agriculture vol.41-43, 2016-18 41-43: 31-40

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The non-chemical means for management of the seed-borne F. moniliforme of rice seed has a significant potentiality. Findings from this study are helpful in understanding the ability of non chemical methods to manage the bakanae pathogen rather than chemical methods.

Knowledge Management: Journal