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Prevalence and Transmission of Seed Borne Fusarium Moniliforme of Rice

MS Hossain
Training Division, BRRI, Gazipur

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Fusarium moniliforme is one of the major seed borne pathogen of rice in Bangladesh and causes significant yield loss. To observe the incidence and transmission of this pathogen, farmers saved seeds and seed from BADC were collected and detected the pathogen by blotter method. The prevalence of the F. moniliforme varied according to locations and seasons. The highest 18% of seed infection recorded in boro seeds of Netrokona district and the lowest 2% in Gazipur district. Embryonal end of the seed is the most preferable site of the infection. F. moniliofrme successfully transmitted from seed to seedling and transmission is high when pre sprouted seed sown on the puddle seed bed. The study recommended that before planting season, seeds should be tested to minimize spread of the pathogen.

Keywords: F. moniliforme, Rice seed, Transmission, Sporulation

Location:

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Rice

Objectives:

To evaluate the incidence of F. moniliforme in farmers saved rice seeds in some selected district of Bangladesh and its transmission from seeds to seedlings.

Methodology:

At least 20 seed samples of farmer's saved seeds in each season (aus, aman, boro) from five location (Cumilla, Netrokona, Dinajpur, Gazipur and Habiganj) were collected. Samples of BADC seeds were collected from its seed processing centers (SPC). The quantity of each sample was about 500g. The samples were kept in brown paper bag, labeled properly and preserved in a refrigerator at 5-8^oC for subsequent use. The collected samples were tested by blotter method to detect F. moniliforme following International Rules for Testing Seed Health (ISTA, 2000). Number of seeds on which F. moniliforme grew was recorded. Data were converted into percentage of seed-borne infection.

Site of sporulation of Fusarium moniliforme on infected seeds: During detection of F. moniliforme on seeds observations were made on whether the seeds germinated and whether they were infected. If infected, from which part of the seed the fungus was sporulating, i.e. from the embryonal end alone or from the entire seed surface including the embryonal end.

Detection of Fusarium moniliforme in different seed grade: Bakanae infected rice seeds collected from farmer's field were grouped manually into different categories viz. apparently healthy, discoloured filled grain, discoloured unfilled grain and unfilled grain with normal colour. From each category of seeds, 400 seeds were examined for F. moniliforme by blotter method and the methods described above. The fungi colony that grew out from the seeds were recorded after 7 days of incubation.

Transmission of F. moniliforme from seed to seedlings: Naturally infected seed samples of BR1 and BRRI dhan44 were used in this study. One week prior to the start of the seed transmission studies, seed infection percentage was determined. These two samples were stored at 5^oC in a refrigerator after seed health testing and used for seed transmission studies.

Development of bakanae disease on rice seedlings: A total of 48 plastic pots (20 X 12cm) were taken. Twenty four pots were filled with sterilized soil and another 24 pots were filled with non-sterilized soil. Soil was sterilized at 121^oC with 15 PSI bar pressure for 2 hours. Infected seeds of rice variety BR1 and BRRI dhan44 were used. One hundred seeds of each variety were sown in pot by using three different seeding methods and which were a) Dry seed sown on wet bed, b) Sprouted seed sown on wet bed, and c) Dry seed sown under moist soil. Complete covering of seeds was done by 1 to 1.5 cm layer of soil and then compressed by hand. The seedlings were examined for the presence of bakanae infected seedlings after 7 days until 4 weeks.

Source of Information: Bangladesg Rice Journal (Process)

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

1. Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

The prevalence of the F. moniliforme varied according to locations and seasons and the highest infection was found in boro seeds F. moniliofrme successfully transmitted from seed to seedling

Knowledge Management: Journal