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Effect of Long-term Chemical and Organic Fertilization on Rice Productivity, Nutrient Use-efficiency, and Balance Under a Rice-fallow-rice System

Md Mozammel Haque
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Jatish C. Biswas
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. R. Islam
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

A. Islam
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

M. S. Kabir
Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

Nutrient sources and management influence soil properties and crop productivity indicating that sustained crop production needs nutrient rate specific tuning after certain periods of time. We hypothesize that long-term use of organic and inorganic nutrient sources maintains soil fertility and improve crop production. Yield and nutrient use efficiencies have not been evaluated in Bangladesh from long-term fertilizer trials focusing on adaptation strategies for sustained food production. So, the objectives of the pre-sent investigation were to examine the effects of organic and inorganic amendments on yields and soil properties under a rice-fallow-rice system. The experiment was initiated in 1985 with 12 treatments under dry season irrigated rice culture at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur.The effects of organic and inorganic nutrient sources were evaluated under missing element techniques. The contributions of nitrogen (N), phosphorus(P), and potassium (K) fertilizers to yields were more in the dry season but the role of P was negligible in the wet season. The omissions of N, P and K nutrients are not suitable management option for rice cultivation during dry and wet seasons, although P can be omitted in the wet season pro-vided its full dose is applied in the dry season. The combined use of organic and inorganic nutrient sources are the best option for improving rice productivity and sustaining soil fertility in a rice-fallow-rice system in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Carbon sequestration; Nutrient contribution; Soil fertility; Soil fertility recovery

Location: Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur, Bangladesh

Start Date:

End Date:

Program Area: Crop-Soil-Water Management

Commodity: Fertilizer, Rice

Objectives:

The objectives of this investigation were to find out the influences of nutrient management options on grain yield of rice and N, P, and K balances and nutrient use-efficiency for sustained rice production in Bangladesh.

Methodology:

Experimental site The long-term fertilizer trial was initiated in 1985 at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur, Bangladesh situated at 2385.9⁰N and 9082.4⁰E having an elevation of 12 m.Annual rainfall is approximately 2000 mm of which 80% is concentrated during the wet season (mid-June to end of September). The soil of the experimental field is Chhiata clay loam, a mem-ber of the fine, Hyperthermic Vertic Endaquept (Haque et al. 2015b, 2015c). Treatments, design, and fertilization The experiment was initiated in the dry season of 1985 on a permanent layout at the BRRI farm, Gazipur. Twelve treatments in a randomized complete block design (RCB design) with four replications were imposed (Haque et al. 2016, 2017). But we have considered only NPKSZn, PKSZn (-N), NKSZn (-P), NPSZn (-K), NPKZn (-S), NPKS (-Zn), and control treatments for our analyses and interpretations of findings. Since organic amendments (Cow dung, poultry manure, and vermicompost) were used from 2009 to 2017, we have taken those treatments for comparison of rice yields with chemical fertilizers. Nutrient compositions of organic materials used. In the dry season, NPKSZn @120–25–35–20–5kg ha1was used; but in the wet season (rainfed rice crop), it was 100–25–35–20–5kg ha1up to 2008. After 2008, NPKSZn was used@138–10–80–5–5kg ha1and 100–10–80–5–5kg ha1, for dry and wet seasons, respectively based on soil test. In dry 2009–2010, organic materials were used with þPK, þSZn, þKSZn, þPSZn, and þPKSZn treatments. Nitrogen (N) as urea, P as triple super phosphate, K as muriate of pot-ash, S as gypsum and Zn as zinc chloride were used as inorganic nutrient sources. Organic nutrient sources used for selected treatments were vermicompost (VC, 2 t ha^-¹), saw dust (SD, 3 tha^-¹), cow dung (CD, 3 t ha^-¹), mixed manure (CD: PM: SD: VC1: 1: 1: 0.5), and poultrymanure (PM, 2 t ha^-¹) in þPSZn, þKSZn, þPK, and þPKSZn treatments. Only N@138 kgha1was applied as top dress in organic nutrient added plots. During 1985-2008, BR3 and BR11were used as indicator crop variety in dry and wet seasons, respectively. From 2009 onward BRRIdhan29 and BRRI dhan49 were used in dry and wet seasons, respectively. Rice seedlings were transplanted in the first week of January and harvested in May for the dry season and the wet season rice was transplanted in the first week of August and harvested in the third week of November. Two to three rice seedlings (45–50 d old in the dry season and 25–35 d old in the wet season) were transplanted at 20-20-cm spacing. Urea N was applied in three equal splits at final land preparation, active tillering stage and 5–7 d before panicle initiation (PI) stage. Rests of the fertilizers were applied at final land preparation.

Source of Information: JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2019.165933

Article Link (Online Journal):

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

Applications of inorganic chemical fertilizers continuously for rice production resulted in a yield plateau after 10 years for the rice-fallow-rice system, which was broken by using cow dung, vermicompost and poultry manure. Although soil test-based P and K was used, there was P build up but K mining was observed in both the seasons. These clearly indicate that P fertilizer rate needs to be adjusted based on annual requirements of the crops after about 10–12 years. On the contrary, the K rate needs to be tuned up frequently based on soil–plant response study. The benefit of added S and Zn are diminishing indicating that these two fertilizers need to be applied depending on locations and indigenous supply capacity of the soils. Moreover, organic amendments can be beneficial in maintaining soil and environmental health through recycling of degradable agricultural wastes. Only inorganic fertilizers in a balanced dose can maintain rice productivity up to 9–10 years. It is recommended that organic and inorganic nutrient sources should be used for sustainable rice production.

Knowledge Management: Journal