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Combining Ability and Heterosis for Yield and Related Traits in Chili (capsicum Annuum L.)

Swapan Chakrabarty
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

A. K. M. Aminul Islam
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

M. A. Khaleque Mian
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Tofayel Ahamed
Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh

Abstract/ Executive Summary:

An experiment was conducted to study combining ability and heterosis for yield and related traits in chili during November 2015 to September 2017. The experimental material consisted of six parents and their fifteen F₁’s developed by half diallel mating design. Analysis of variance for combining ability exhibited significant General and Specific Combining Ability (GCA and SCA) effects for all the characters studied. The SCA variance was higher than GCA variance for all the traits except ten fresh fruit weight, fruit length and fruit width indicating the predominance of non-additive type of gene action. The parents P₁ and P₆ were identified as the best general combiners and the hybrids P₁×P₆, P₁×P₄ and P₂×P₅ were identified as the best specific combinations for fresh fruit yield per plant and related traits. The hybrids P₁×P₆, P₁×P₄ and P₃×P₆ showed significant average heterosis and heterobeltiosis for fresh fruit yield per plant and its related traits. (H₁/D)^0.5 ratio indicated partial dominance effect of genes for all the traits. Therefore, it may be possible to take advantages of better heterotic effects to be fixed in the later generations to facilitate further selection and best specific combinations for development of the hybrid variety of chili which can help to increase the total production in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Half diallel, Heterobeltiosis, Partial dominance, Hybrid, SCA, GCA.

Location: Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Start Date: 00-11-2015

End Date: 00-09-2017

Program Area: Variety and Species

Commodity: Chilli

Objectives:

(i) To study the combining ability of selected parents and their hybrids for fruit yield and related traits; and

(ii) To estimate heterosis for fruit yield and related traits to identify superior hybrids.

Methodology:

The investigation was conducted at the experimental field and laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh. Twenty divergent genotypes of chili were studied for their genetic variability and six of them were selected which have desired characteristics. The six parents were crossed by following half diallel mating design from November 2015 to April 2016 for generating their F₁’s. These six parental genotypes along with their 15 hybrids were evaluated from November 2016 to May 2017 for yield and related horticultural traits to study combining ability, gene action and heterosis. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The experimental site is situated in the sub-tropical climate zone, characterized by heavy rainfall during the months from May to September and scanty in water with a gradual fall of temperature from the month of September. The soil type of experimental field is Shallow Red Brown Terrace type soil belongs to the Salna Series in Madhupur Tract (Agro Ecological Zone 28), which is nearly equivalent to Ochrept sub order of USDA soil taxonomy. The soil is a silt loam in texture and having a pH = 6.7. Five plants were selected randomly from each replication and selected plants were marked by labeling for recording data. The data were recorded for the following horticultural characters - days to first flowering, days to first fruit setting, plant height at first fruiting (cm, number of fruits per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm), ten fruits weight (g), ten dry fruits weight (g), number of seeds per fruit, hundred seed weight (g), fruit yield per plant (g). Simple Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), mean, Standard Error (SE), Coefficient of Variation (CV) were done from the replicated data of different characters by using computer software STAR (Statistical Tools for Agricultural Research).

Source of Information: The Open Agriculture Journal; ISSN: 1874-3315; Volume 14, 2020

Article Link (Online Journal): DOI: 10.2174/1874331501913010034

Funding Source:

Budget:

Total Budget (Tk.) :

Achievement/Findings:

In conclusion, it was revealed that sufficient genetic diversity was present among the parents and hybrids in the present investigation which helps to select the best parents and promising hybrid combinations for fresh fruit yield per plant and yield contributing characters. The estimation of combining ability revealed that the parents P₁ and P₆ were identified as the best general combiners and the hybrid P₁×P₆, P₁×P₄ and P₂×P₅ were the best specific combinations for fresh fruit yield per plant and related traits. Results of heterosis revealed that the hybrid P₁×P₆ exceeded the performance of its mid parents and better parent and the hybrid P₁×P₄ and P₃×P₆ showed significant mid-parent heterosis for fresh fruit yield per plant and related traits. By further selection based on better specific combining ability and heterotic effect in the following generation, we can develop a better hybrid chili which will contribute towards the total chili production in Bangladesh.

Knowledge Management: Journal